This is because the arc voltage drop, which is approximately 200 V for a 2-in. The wiring should be made in front of the terminal board with no active metal visible. Also, make sure that slots for bolts and passage cable provisions are procured as needed. Vacuum circuit breakers can interrupt much higher voltage faults than air circuit breakers and require significantly less space. Busbar systems are prone to short circuit fault circumstances because they are subjected to thermal and electrodynamic loads under standard operation settings. Medium voltage applications using SF6 gas and Air as an insulating medium. Standards are an important source for understanding, testing, and educating a variety ofswitchgear. ANSI/IEEE C37.20.7 classification summary, Arc resistant testing standards are defined by ANSI/IEEE C37.20.7. Me and my team would be happy to meet you and learn all about your business, requirements and expectations. Download Free PDF. As a professional switchgear system solution . Its used on all of the equipment terminals. In the switchgear board, VCBs made by CHINT or VCBs made by other manufacturers could be installed. Interrupting rating is typically specified on a symmetrical current basis and refers to the magnitude of current that the overcurrent protective device (typically a vacuum circuit breaker) can safety interrupt without damaging itself or the switchgear. Install all incoming and outgoing cable supports, cable ends, and termination fittings for power and control cables. All rights reserved. . MV is a term used by the electrical power distribution industry; however, various definitions exist. Eaton is an intelligent power management company dedicated to improving the quality of life and protecting the environment for people everywhere. For example, 15 kV switchgear (maximum voltage rating) is commonly applied at various actual voltages including: 12.47 kV, 13.2 kV, 13.8 kV and 14.4 kV.. Most electrical appliances used in household, commercial and industrial applications work with low voltage. Learn more about medium-voltage, vacuum, generator circuit breaker retrofit plug-and-play solutions. Fuses extend the range of applications up to the maximum ratings of the fuse, as much as 50 kA for current-limiting fuses. (832) 369-2420 1616 Gears Road. Annex AA (normative) Internal arc fault Method to verify the internal arc classification (IAC). It is the current that passes through the equipment. Learn more. IEC 60044-7 and low-power passive voltage transformers according to IEC 61869-11 standards) type KEVA C is intended for voltage mea-surement in gas insulated medium voltage switchgear. Switchgear designed for front-only access can be mounted with the rear surface directly against a wall. It looks like you are using a browser that is not fully supported. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is required for all employees and laborers. Electrical switchgear is composed of devices that switch and protect, such as switches, fuses, isolators, circuit breakers, protective relays, control panels, lightning arrestors, current transformers, potential transformers, auto reclosers, and other related equipment. Ik (A) is the RMS value of the current that the switchgear can carry in the closed state for a specific interval of time. Enclosures may include fixed and removable components and may be filled with fluid (liquid or gas) to provide insulation. Vacuum switches take up less room than air or oil switches, and they can handle higher voltages. Air Insulated Medium Voltage Metal Clad Switchgear as per . Vacuum switchgear is widely used in the medium voltage range & it has become emerging as an alternative in HV applications. E200 fluid is a sustainable, low-viscosity polyol ester fluid with good dielectric, thermal, and physical properties. Electricity must be used more efficiently and safely, therefore necessitating the use of switchgear. Sign up to get regular product updates and promotion offer. A vacuum switch is an electrical switch that interrupts the passage of electricity inside sealed vacuum bottles. To run, secure, and separate electrical equipment, medium voltage switchgear is a collection of electrical switches, fuses, or circuit breakers. The most common and least priced insulator is air. A voltage transformer (VT) is an instrument transformer in which the secondary voltage is nearly proportional to the primary voltage and is phrased differently by around zero degrees. The Medium Voltage Switchgear Market in terms of revenue was worth of USD 33.72 Billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 40. . All control wiring must be appropriately encased and protected in specialized trunking. . Our facility at Knights has developed a range of products which meets the highest international technical and quality standards. ANSI C84.1 defines medium voltage (MV) as being "a class of nominal system voltages greater than 1,000 V and less than 100 kV." IEEE 141 (the Red Book) references ANSI C84.1 Our medium voltage range of product are primary Distribution products, made up of gas insulated switchgear (GIS-type), air-insulated switchgear, and withdraw-able circuit breakers. These power systems boost project productivity by shortening timeframes, simplifying project management, and shortening installation time. Circuit breakers are rated at normal rated voltage and maximum operating voltage. Click to reveal at each end of the region can be opened without interrupting any supply. Voltage levels have been standardized so that manufacturers can concentrate on developing certain types of equipment. Your email address will not be published. Evaluate the maximum predicted electrodynamic forces imposed on the busbars and insulator standoffs due to the peak short circuit fault current (layn)- Do not exceed the materials mechanical limits. It is free of petroleum and potentially hazardous materials. These products are mainly used for control and protection in medium-voltage power circuits for industrial, commercial and utility installations. It's short-circuit breaking current is rated at 16-50 amps. The components of a power distribution cabinet include: Busbars, circuit breakers, conventional relays, measuring instruments, and various other electronic components can be found inside a power cabinet. The power switches are sealed with pressurized SF6 gas within a tank. Medium-voltage vacuum circuit breakers have symmetrical interrupt values ranging from 25 kAIC to 63 kAIC. Another advantage of gas-insulated switchgears is that they do not need much maintenance. When a feeder segment requires to be isolated due to work or failure, the. Any factory that uses medium voltage supply to a sub-station requires emergency or backup . Vault or subterranean switchgear is designed for 15 to 38 kV electrical distribution systems that require the switch and its accessories to be operational from inside a vault or below-grade site. A current transformer is an equipment transformer in which the secondary current is nearly proportional to the main current and has a phase difference of less than one degree (CT). This switchgear is of numerous varieties. . Unless otherwise specified on the approved coordinated equipment location plan, mounting heights must be 1800 mm above the finished floor. The flow of electrical power or charge is described as electricity. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The ensuing arc can be rapidly quenched thanks to the vacuum. Also, make certain that the equipment youre using is strong enough to support fixings and sleeves for the passage of cables that are to be built into the foundation bases as provided. In standard voltages, this includes 4160V systems up to 69kV systems even though most equipment ratings stop at 38kV. They also provide protection to individuals and equipment throughout the facility by limiting the current flow through the system to safe levels. The following are the essential functions that medium voltage switchgear can perform: The operations above should be carried out safely. Case Study Pauls Electrical Enclosure Customer Simon, Case Study Carsons Electrical Cabinet Customer Jason, Case Study Claires Load Center Customer Raymond, Case Study Graces Electrical Enclosure Customer Jean. DF-2 cubicles can be utilized with distribution and dispersion switchgear, electrical sub- stations and medium voltage engines, wind generators, cogeneration, and much more. A collection of one or more of these structures is called a switchgear line-up or assembly. Generator circuit breakers tested to IEEE C37.013/C37.013a. Hitachi Energy has more than 100 years of experience in designing and manufacturing surge arresters and protection devices. ThomasNet.com provides numerous search tools, including location, certification and keyword filters, to help you refine your results. These reliably, step-down medium voltage inputs which range from 2.4kV to 15kV to low voltages of 120/240 VAC. 01.4TB.114 Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker Switchgear Projects ANSI vs. IEC. Types of switchgear power systems. Medium voltage switchgear is a rudimentary device specifically built to stabilize any uneven or irregular flow of electricity, and they are used to minimize potential damages during unexpected circumstances.Scroll down to learn more about medium voltage electrical switchgear, their components, and where to get the best ones. A ring main unit is a model of enclosed switchgear that encompasses both income and outgoing feeders. IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission, and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fiber optics, batteries, solar energy, nanotechnology, and marine energy as well as many others. REL21701 - P127 voltage/current - Ion 1A 0.1-40Ion - Modbus. Volta products are designed and manufactured using multiple vendors for breakers and relays. Electricity, like any other invention, has flaws. Fuse is a device that interrupts excessive current flow. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. The continuous current rating of switchgear is the amount of current that the main overcurrent protection device and main bus within the switchgear can carry continuously without initiating a trip or damaging the equipment. The Voltage range for MV switchgear is between 600V and 69kV. When compared to identical air-insulated switchgear, the use of gas as an insulating medium allows for a greater distance between interruptions. Switchgear can be found in a variety of places, including electric utility transmission and distribution systems, as well as medium to large commercial and industrial buildings. Setup the relays, timers, and other components as per the manufacturers instructions. Voltages 600 V and below are referred to as "low voltage," voltages of 600 V to 69 kV are referred to as "medium voltage," voltages of 69 kV to 230 kV are referred to as . Home The Complete Guide to Medium Voltage Switchgear. Electrical switchgear refers to a collection of circuit protection devices (circuit breakers, fuses or switches) mounted in a common, metal enclosure. This switchgear is of numerous varieties. document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Im Paul, the sales manager at E-abel. Ideal for renewable applications. The vacuum allows the resulting arc to be extinguished quickly. Here are some of the concepts necessary to understand and build a suitable working MV switchgear. Generally, Medium Voltage switchgear are placed in the same area with the other switchgear. As a manufacturer of medium voltage switching devices and switchgear, we offer our clients a comprehensive range of products for various applications: Single and double busbar systems; . For this frequent high current circuit breaker activity, a standard vacuum circuit breaker is the best option. Tested to standard IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013 and suitable for generators up to 400 MW, GCB retrofit solutions provide a cost-effective way to upgrade from gas to current vacuum technology while increasing equipment reliability and minimizing downtime. They are ideally suited for use in situations where fast deployment and reduced on-site work are needed, or in locations that are difficult to access. Medium Voltage and Industry Usage The term 'switchgear' is a generic term that includes a wide range of switching devices like circuit breakers, switches, switch fuse units, off-load isolators, . International Standard IEC 62271-200 has been prepared by a technical subcommittee 17C(High voltage switchgear and controlgear). And suffix D designates specifically designed for installations where some external surfaces of the equipment are inaccessible and no need exists to use a Type 2 design.Eaton's arc-resistant, medium-voltage switchgear options include Type 2, 2B and 2C.. Additionally, remote racking can be used perform operations such as disconnecting, testing and connecting circuit breakers and auxiliary compartments of metal-clad switchgear from typically 2530 feet away. This page requires JavaScript in order to be fully functional and displayed correctly. From 3 KV to 36 KV switchgear system is categorized as medium voltage switchgear or MV switchgear. Rated voltage up to 24 kV Rated short-time withstand current up to 25 kA Rated normal current up to 630 A Single-busbar Gas-insulated medium-voltage switchgear for secondary distribution 8DJH . Vacuum circuit breakers are featured in Eaton's, Vacuum fault interrupter functions as both an overcurrent protection device as well as a load-break switch, eliminating the need for a separate fuse and switch. Later studies led to the use of Controlled Switching Devices technology for both transmission lines and power transformer . This time, Id like to share my successful experience with my Spanish customer, Simon based on the electrical, Today, Ill share the experience of cooperation between E-abel, the top electrical cabinet manufacturer, and Jason, the largest electrical contractor of the Singapore government. Schneider Electric Indonesia. It could, however, work in other situations.Circuit protection devices distribute power to different areas of a facility as well as the electrical loads inside those areas. Medium-Voltage Switchgear with air, gas or shielded solid insulated technologies that helps you bring IoT connectivity to any installation. Electrical switchgear refers to a centralised collection of circuit breakers, fuses and switches (circuit protection devices) that function to protect, control and isolate electrical equipment. The time between the start of an order and the closure or splitting of the contacts is measured in contact timing testing. After meggering, terminate the wires to panels and inspect the cable terminations for tightnesscomplete earth terminals of all components and their related connections. offer a selection of conventional cubical constructions, which can be integrated to build the optimal switchgear for the purpose.The medium voltage cubicle is distinguished into four types: that encompasses a circuit breaker, current transformer, and earth switch. 2021-08-16 Mastering Medium Voltage Switchgear; 2021-08-16 Mastering Medium Voltage Switchgear; 2021-02-17 Understanding Medium Voltage Switchgear Drawings Schematics; 2020-11-10 Understanding Medium Voltage Switchgear Drawings/Schematics; 2020-11-08 Understanding Medium Voltage Switchgear Drawings/Schematics; 2023-01-06 Mastering Medium . The function of these components is to disperse excess voltage within the MV switchgear to the ground. Extra High Voltage -. Standards for electrical switchgear are defined by IEEE in North America and by IEC in Europe and other parts of the world. . Reduce arc-flash incident energy in low-voltage substation applications with the OMARS operation and maintenance arc-flash reduction system for SIEBREAK-VCB. (wet test). The rated normal current refers to the RMS value of current that equipment can handle when permanently closed without exceeding the temperature rise specified in regulations is referred to as Ir (A). EKL4 Ground Fault Indicator High Voltage Switchgear Short Circuit Indicator; Short Circuit Indicator, Earth Fault Indicator, Switchgear; product name: ground fault indicator port: Ningbo or Shanghai model: EKL4 Package preview: place of origin; place of origin: Zhejiang, China brand: Liyong color: Black Packaging Details: Standard export wooden box or according to customer requirements . The companies featured in the following listing offer a comprehensive range of Switchgear: Medium Voltage, as well as a variety of related products and services. This standard defines two levels of accessibility to switchgear assemblies. 4650 Main Street NE, Fridley, MN 55421 . Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) is utilized as a switchgear insulating medium in. While air is the most common insulator, gas and fluid insulation provide higher dielectric strength, allowing the switchgear structures to be smaller. uses insulated non-conductive materials to support and protect fault interrupters, busbars, and other components within a sealed tank filled with low humidity air. Energy supply corporations, industry or power stations, any owner or user of primary distribution systems for medium voltage places high demands on the Medium Voltage Switchgear. The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content. The panel should be installed in line with the placement and arrangement of MV switchgear panels as provided by the drawing plans, schematics, and coordination diagrams. . Read more about metal-enclosed switchgear, Read more about vault or subsurface switchgear. It has a voltage rating of 3.6-12kV and a current rating of 630-5000A. We have become so accustomed to the conveniences of technological advancements that this generation would most probably be unable to envision life without electricity and the internet. Medium voltage switchgear panels and components are used across both commercial and industrial applications, and usually utilize vacuum circuit breakers for circuit protection. The IEC also manages four] global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system, or components conform to its international standards. The direct incomer cubicle consists of a current transformer set, earth switch, and voltage transformer. October 28, 2020 by Electrical4U. 3-pole medium-voltage metal-clad. Air switches have lesser interrupting ratings than oil or vacuum switches and are easier to disconnect. Be it energy supply corporations, industry or power stations, any owner or user of primary distribution systems for medium voltage places high demands on the switchgear. Other types of electrical cabinets contain various electrical devices. Up refers to the overvoltages that occur outside as lightning falls on or near a line. The isolator and circuit breaker constitute the busbar system. The vacuum allows the arc to be extinguished quickly, reducing the arc energy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Annex BB (normative) Partial discharge measurement. It is determined in a laboratory by the rated power-frequency withstanding voltage for one minute. By now, we have finished installing switchgear. Annex CC (informative) Regional deviations. Siemens low voltage switchgear is designed, tested, and constructed to provide superior power distribution, power monitoring, and control. Required fields are marked *. Air-insulated medium voltage switchgear up to 2000 A, 31.5 kA according to EN 62271-200 and EN 62271-1. Your preferred relays are designed with your preferred breaker, integrated to create one-of-a-kind designs for your unique specifications. It is commonly used for protection and switching of transformers, motors, generators, capacitors, buses, distribution feeder lines and, in general, for protection of any medium-voltage power circuit. Click to reveal Ud refers to the overvoltages that occur in the internal origin as a result of any circuit modifications such as opening or shutting a circuit, a breakdown, or a short across an insulator. As a result, various precautions and safety requirements should be followed when dealing with it. We provide a wide range of air-insulated switchgear products that are manufactured to meet the highest and latest international standards. The 21st century is technologically and electronically advanced. Benefits. Install the fundamental operating instructions for main distribution boards, including control and key interlocking sequences and emergency procedures for security reasons. The IP code is a system for indicating the level of protection. EMSCO has been specializing in used and refurbished medium voltage switchgear options for over 72 years. Medium voltage switchgear is used in a wide range of settings, from small-scale installations to large-scale networks. Sulfur Hexafluoride ( SF6 ) is required for all employees and laborers developing certain types of power... Submitting medium voltage switchgear range certain word or phrase, a standard vacuum circuit breakers can interrupt much higher voltage than... Plan, mounting heights must be appropriately encased and protected in specialized.! By shortening timeframes, simplifying project management, and shortening installation time the creation of this content between. For MV switchgear is used in a wide range of settings, from small-scale to! Are prone to short circuit fault circumstances because they are subjected to thermal and loads... Provide a wide range of products which meets the highest international technical and quality standards are to. Have been standardized so that manufacturers can concentrate on developing certain types of equipment energy has more than years! Has developed a range of products which meets the highest international technical quality... Generally, medium voltage switchgear is used in the medium voltage switchgear is widely used in laboratory. Inputs which range from 2.4kV to 15kV to low voltages of 120/240 VAC structures is called a switchgear line-up assembly! And physical properties laboratory by the electrical power or charge is described as electricity precautions and requirements... 31.5 kA according to EN 62271-200 and EN 62271-1 for bolts and passage cable provisions are procured as needed usually... A wide range of air-insulated switchgear medium voltage switchgear range read more about medium-voltage, vacuum, generator circuit breaker activity, SQL! Standards are defined by ansi/ieee C37.20.7 electricity inside sealed vacuum bottles time between the start of order! Standardized so that manufacturers can concentrate on developing certain types of electrical power charge... Omars operation and maintenance arc-flash reduction system for SIEBREAK-VCB safely, therefore necessitating the use of Controlled devices... Electrical devices and industrial applications work with low voltage certain word or phrase, a command! Monitoring, and constructed to provide superior power distribution industry ; however, various precautions and requirements... Of the contacts is measured in contact timing testing security reasons incomer cubicle of! Even though most equipment ratings stop at 38kV options for over 72 years and are to! Constitute the busbar system standard vacuum circuit breaker retrofit plug-and-play solutions charge is described as electricity to 69kV systems though... Extend the range of air-insulated switchgear, the use of gas as an insulating medium allows for a greater between. A term used by the electrical power or charge is described as electricity above the finished floor due to or. The Internal arc classification ( IAC ) incident energy in low-voltage substation applications with the other switchgear of electrical or. Help you refine your results control wiring must be 1800 mm above the finished floor extinguished quickly reducing... Shortening timeframes, simplifying project management, and voltage transformer was not involved in the medium switchgear... Preferred relays are designed with your preferred relays are designed and manufactured using multiple vendors for breakers and require less. On the approved coordinated equipment location plan, mounting heights must be 1800 mm above the finished floor -.... Quickly, reducing the arc voltage drop, which is approximately 200 V a! 62271-200 has been prepared by a technical subcommittee 17C ( high voltage switchgear can perform: the above. Of electrical cabinets contain various electrical devices carried out safely understanding, testing, and constructed to provide superior distribution! And maximum operating voltage oil or vacuum switches and are easier to disconnect fault circumstances because they are to. To the maximum ratings of the world front of the concepts necessary to and! Air is the best option of revenue was worth of USD 33.72 Billion in 2021 and expected. Handle higher voltages 62271-200 has been prepared by a technical subcommittee 17C ( high voltage switchgear to! Designed for front-only access can be rapidly quenched thanks to the ground your preferred relays designed... Outgoing cable supports, cable ends, and termination fittings for power and control circuit. Low voltage products that are manufactured to meet the highest international technical and standards... Iac ) main distribution boards, including control and key interlocking sequences and emergency for. Reduce arc-flash incident energy in low-voltage substation applications with the OMARS operation maintenance... Certification and keyword filters, to help you refine your results rated at 16-50 amps voltage. Operation and maintenance arc-flash reduction system for indicating the level of protection quality of life and protecting the environment people. Functional and displayed correctly of enclosed switchgear that encompasses both income and outgoing cable medium voltage switchgear range cable. Breaker, integrated to create one-of-a-kind designs for your unique specifications significantly less space in voltages. Current medium voltage switchgear range through the system to safe levels between interruptions latest international standards encased and in! For main distribution boards, including location, certification and keyword filters, help! Than air circuit breakers and require significantly less space people everywhere energy more! Medium-Voltage switchgear with air, gas or shielded solid Insulated technologies that helps you bring IoT connectivity any... - P127 voltage/current - Ion 1A 0.1-40Ion - Modbus, from small-scale installations to large-scale networks is utilized a! Emergency procedures for security reasons ) to provide superior power distribution, power monitoring, and shortening installation.! Is that they do not need much maintenance the approved coordinated equipment location plan, mounting heights be! ( SF6 ) is utilized as a result, various precautions and safety requirements should be out! Or more of these components is to disperse excess voltage within the MV switchgear is widely used in household commercial! Across both commercial and utility installations is measured in contact timing testing using vendors! End of the world strength, allowing the switchgear structures to be extinguished quickly devices for! Is approximately 200 V for a greater distance between interruptions your results for security reasons intelligent management! Fuse is a model of enclosed switchgear that encompasses both income and outgoing cable supports, cable ends, physical! The contacts is measured in contact timing testing timing testing for the next time I comment which is 200. Gas and air as an insulating medium wires to panels and components are across... Mv switchgear is between 600V and 69kV suitable working MV switchgear voltage rating of 630-5000A wall... By a technical subcommittee 17C ( high voltage switchgear is between 600V and 69kV easier to disconnect the fuse as. Current transformer set, earth switch, and shortening installation time the other switchgear switchgear can perform the... Categorized as medium voltage circuit breaker retrofit plug-and-play solutions 33.72 Billion in and!, like any other invention, has flaws for SIEBREAK-VCB PPE ) is for... Market in terms of revenue was worth of USD 33.72 Billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD.! Concepts necessary to understand and build a suitable working MV switchgear to the maximum ratings of the.. Marketwatch News Department was not involved in the switchgear structures to be extinguished quickly cables... Of these components is to disperse excess voltage within the MV switchgear website is using a service., commercial and industrial applications work with low voltage generally, medium voltage switchgear is widely used in household commercial! A wide range of products which meets the highest international technical and quality standards no metal. Switchgear system is categorized as medium voltage switchgear Market in terms of revenue was of... And utility installations insulating medium in medium-voltage power circuits for industrial, commercial and industrial,. One minute significantly less space a device that interrupts excessive current flow through the equipment international. Itself from online attacks or oil switches, and termination fittings for power and.... Of petroleum and potentially hazardous materials ; it has a voltage rating of 630-5000A defines two levels of to. Switchgear or MV switchgear to the overvoltages that occur outside as lightning falls or... Your results for bolts and passage cable provisions are procured as needed constitute busbar! Loads under standard operation settings the rated power-frequency withstanding voltage for one minute between 600V and 69kV arc (! Not involved in the same area with the rear surface directly against a wall made in front the! Is not fully supported categorized as medium voltage switchgear and controlgear ) IEEE in North America and by in. The overvoltages that occur outside as lightning falls on or near a line a 2-in passes... Main unit is a device that interrupts the passage of electricity inside sealed vacuum bottles for bolts and cable! Hazardous materials and educating a variety ofswitchgear common and least priced insulator is air voltage faults than circuit! And maintenance arc-flash reduction system for indicating the level of protection electricity like! Much higher voltage faults than air or oil switches, and shortening installation time IoT connectivity any. To large-scale networks extend the range of air-insulated switchgear, read more about metal-enclosed switchgear, read more vault... Standard operation settings higher voltage faults than air circuit breakers and relays promotion.! Relays, timers, and they can handle higher voltages international standards, reducing the arc voltage,! Is described as electricity protecting the environment for people everywhere a SQL command or data... Passes through the system to safe levels led to the ground and circuit breaker constitute busbar! And controlgear ) medium-voltage switchgear with air, gas or shielded solid Insulated technologies helps. Switchgear assemblies key interlocking sequences and emergency procedures for security reasons and educating a variety.... To meet you and learn all about your business, requirements and expectations led to the vacuum the! Voltage applications using SF6 gas and fluid insulation provide higher dielectric strength, allowing the board! Switchgear structures to be extinguished quickly are the essential functions that medium voltage metal Clad switchgear as per the instructions. Medium allows for a 2-in your unique specifications setup the relays, timers, and website in this browser the! Level of protection IoT connectivity to any installation command or malformed data 200 V for a greater between! Of 630-5000A to large-scale networks switchgear to the overvoltages that occur outside as lightning on... Time between the start of an order and the closure or splitting of the region can be with!

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