Today, state quarters make up a majority of the quarters in circulation. California State Library, California History Room. The state quarters that were intended for official circulation were minted at the Philadelphia and Denver mints. The most valuable Washington Quarters were minted in the 1930's, and 1940's, there are a few however like the 1955 D Washington Quarter that were minted in the 50's and still worth a alot. VeriSign secured While the Oklahoma mint struck quarters for circulation as well, they had the lowest total mintage so these ones are pretty rare compared to the other two mints. The final design in the America the Beautiful Quarters Program series, first launched in 2010, pays homage to the Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site. These checklists simply offer a helpful place to start. This updated schedule contains the schedule for previous and new quarter releases as well as links to information and order pages. The 50 State Quarters 1999 Delaware Pennsylvania New Jersey Georgia Connecticut 2000 Massachusetts Maryland South Carolina New Hampshire Virginia 2001 New York North Carolina Rhode Island Vermont Kentucky 2002 Tennessee Ohio Louisiana Indiana Mississippi 2003 Illinois Alabama Maine Missouri Arkansas 2004 Michigan Florida Texas Iowa Wisconsin 2005 Currency, Shop All for Dads, American Women's History Coins & Cong., 1st session (Serial 10425)(July 12, 1995), District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters, District of Columbia and US Territories Program, Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee, United States Commemorative Coin Act of 1996, states ratified the Constitution or were admitted to the Union, "Jamestown, 16072007", "Quadricentennial", Canadian 125th Anniversary provincial quarters, 60th Anniversary of Enforcement of the Local Autonomy Law 500 yen commemorative coins, "50 State Quarters Report: 10 Years of Honoring Our Nation's History and Heritage", "50-State Quarters: Credit Where Credit Is Due", "The United States Mint 50 State Quarters Program Frequently Asked Questions", "Victory Chimes National Historic Landmark Nomination", "African-Americans on US Coins: Circulating Coins (Part 3)", "Helen Keller Quarter Coins a Breakthrough", "From the NGC Archives: 1935 Connecticut Tercentenary Half Dollar", "Quarter design will not be put up for a vote", "Pick a coin: Mountains, a bridge or Mothman", "Coin collectors flip, rumors fly after quarters sprout extra leaf", "State quarter's extra leaf grew out of lunch break", "United States 2007-P Wyoming 50 State Quarter", "Public Law 105-124: 50 States Commemorative Coin Program Act", "Washington 50 States Quarters Price Guide", "Washington Quarter/ Sacajawea Dollar Mule", "19th known double denomination mule error coin coming to auction", "2000-P "Mule" Sacagawea Dollar Reverse w/ States Quarter Obverse", "In God We Rust A State Quarter Error Caused by a Filled Die Strike Through", "Collecting All 50 State Quarters Senior's Only Reason To Remain Alive", "U.S. Mint Gears Up To Issue Commemorative County Pennies", The 50 State Quarters Program of the United States Mint Official Website, The District of Columbia and United States Territories Program of the United States Mint Official Website. Once a year, I take the regular stuff in to the bank and get it counted and its like finding an extra $300 on the ground or something. Make sure you look for the following ones: As you know when crafting something, no matter if it is handmade or machine-made, there is always a chance of some error. You may also be interested in our sister-site romannumerals.guide a great resource for teaching roman numerals in the classroom. Castle's initial caution was resolved when Diehl suggested the coins be issued in the order the states entered the Union or ratified the Constitution. The result of the malfunction leaves a concave fail. Some designs from the Denver mint feature corn without a smaller leaf, others feature a small leaf pointing upwards, and still others have the leaf bending down. The 25-year-old left Sunday's game in the second quarter and did not return. The Philidelphia minted quarter is marked with the letter "P.", The Denver coin is marked with the letter "D.". In the area? 2023 States101.com. If you take a coin in your hand and flip it you will find the state design on the tail side, also known as the reverse of the coin. Value: A quarter in good condition is worth about $850. [40] Relatively more common are Kansas quarters bearing the motto "IN GOD WE RUST."[41]. The front of this coin was a redesign of the original Washington Quarter and incorporated thinner / sharper lines. There were some reports that some individuals found up to hundreds of them at once from bank wrapped rolls, making it seem as if they were very easy to find.. Many are straight, some form ragged notches and some turn into ragged fissures. Commemorative quarters for each of the 50 United States - photos, descriptions, fun facts. The Virginia Quarter had the highest overall mintage with more than 1.5 billion produced. Another factor was the reassertion of the Treasury Department's opposition to the program. In 1997, Congress issued that mandate in the form of S.1228, the 50 States Commemorative Coin Program Act, which was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on December 1, 1997. The media and public attention surrounding this process and the release of each state's quarter was intense and produced significant publicity for the program. This is considered the "Blakesley" effect. Oklahoma quarters had the lowest total mintage (416.6 million in 2008) but since circulation coins were struck at two mints, the mintmark factors into scarcity too. Over the years, the 1999 Spitting Horse Delaware quarter has proven more common than initially thought. Presidential Coins, Kennedy Half This program was active from 1999 to 2008. Card Number: #18. Home Shopping Network, Franklin Mint, and Littleton Coin Company were among the most prominent in ad space. SIGN UP FOR EMAIL UPDATES AND TEXT MESSAGE ALERTS ABOUT PRODUCTS. This is a labor of love you might say, so it is resource intensive and slow. Copyright 2023 My Coin Guides. Suggested site content and search history menu, Statehood Commemorative Quarter Checklist. [6], Despite the support of the director of the mint and the Treasury Secretary-appointed CCCAC, the Treasury Department opposed the 50 States Quarters Program, as commemorative coinage had come to be identified with abuses and excesses. Castle subsequently held hearings and filed legislation to authorize the program. These endearing coins show us our country in all its colorful and amazing diversity. States usually employed one of two approaches in making this selection. Both projects hold 56 quarters to display your collection of either the series that includes 50 states and 6 territories of the U.S.A., or, beginning in 2010, the brand new America the Beautiful series of 56 quarters representing the national parks and sites in America. Hutsonville Junior High School has announced its list of students who made the honor roll during the second quarter of the 2022-23 school year. (The final, post-program estimate was $136.2 million.) Gold Bar vs Coin: Is It Better To Buy Gold Coins Or Gold Bars? & Medal Programs, Tours And the possibilities for a Statehood quarter collection are almost limitless! Click on the state that you are interested in to see more about that state's quarter, including images and mintage figures. Also, you can always look for the particular coin of your interest at reliable places such as: If you need any help with research or identification of a certain coin you should look for guidance and advice on the Coin Community forum. Five quarters were released each year, except for the final year when 6 quarters for each of the U.S. [9][10] The act also authorized the Secretary to proceed with the 50 States Quarters Program without further congressional action if the results of the feasibility study were favorable. Depicts Caesar Rodney on horseback and coin is sometimes known as the "Horse Quarter". Statehood Quarter; mint mark location is on the obverse. Click OK to extend your time for an additional 30 minutes. What is the Year Printed on State Quarters? The second variety of the 2004-D Wisconsin quarter coin features Extra Leaf located lower and closer to the cheese wheel. The design elements bordering the clip always show the flow of the metal which usually indicates the smeared and stretched-out style. Now all I have to do is turn on my Kindle Fire and choose the book I want and refresh my memory about any coin or its worth. It's that easy! As a result of this Act, each of the 50 United States of America have had a commemorative quarter issued in their honor. On the reverse top is the States name and the date in Which the country joined the Union. The State Quarter Program has been instrumental in creating thousands of new coin collectors by providing a way for ordinary people to create impressive coin collections from circulating coins found in their everyday pocket change. Washington 50 States Quarters, MS | Washington 50 States Quarters, PR | Washington 50 States Quarters, SP. for the e-readers. A List Of All 50 State Quarters & Their Dates It took 10 years for the U.S. Mint to produce hundreds of millions of coins with each of the unique designs in the 50 States Quarters program. If you'd simply like to collect one of each design, scroll down to use our Statehood Quarters Starter Collection checklist. In total, 56 State Quarters were minted. Each coin was only produced for a mere 10 weeks and never were reproduced again. The following players were the predominant quarters for the Bulldogs each season the team was a non-conference independent team, following the birth of Georgia football. The "Blakesley" effect is not always seen on coins with original curved clips. All of these sites were selected based on this process.. 1/4 dollar 2001 New York. From 1999 to 2008, the U.S. Mint made five new quarters every year . The proof Delaware piecesoldfor a total of $787.77 after 86 bids. Launched in 1999, the United States Mint's 50 State Quarters Program was a 10-year initiative that honored each of the nation's states in . The state quarters were issued five per year beginning in 1999 according to the order in which each state joined the union. State quarter errors are a great way to add value to your collection. Both outer layers are made of an alloy consisting of 75 percent copper, 25 percent nickel. Mint Medals, Shop All Paper The win marked the largest second-half comeback in an ACC road game for Clemson since January 23, 2011, when . You need to pay attention to the minting mark, and where the coin was struck. The program will continue through 2021, which is scheduled to only honor one location: Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site in Alabama. Us, ALL The coin grader describes coins in thegradeas fully struck and lustrous. The Delaware quarter was the first one struck by the Mint that kicked off the state series. Kids, Gifts for Quarters 10987 Draped Bust 5 Capped Bust 9 Seated Liberty 162 Barber 677 Standing Liberty 609 Washington 5118 50 States and Territories 2729 America The Beautiful 1570 American Women 108 Half Dollars 8161 Flowing Hair 2 Draped Bust 9 Capped Bust 132 Seated Liberty 91 Barber 807 Walking Liberty 2715 Franklin 933 Kennedy 3472 Prior to that he helped manage $2 billion in assets with a financial . This video is about state quarters worth money you should look for. Lets talk about the 2004-D Wisconsin quarter coin which has three varieties, Most Valuable Presidential Dollar Coins (Ultimate Guide And Value Chart), Most Valuable Hallmark Ornaments (Worth Upto $2,500), The Most Valuable Silver Eagle Value (The Very Last Classic Silver Eagle Sold For $85,000), Ultimate List Of The Most Valuable Washington Quarters (Worth Upto $192,000), Most Valuable Madame Alexander Dolls List (Rarest Sold For $25,000), Most Valuable Antique Spoons (Rarest Sold For $83,650.00), How To Identify Antique Dolls? All rights reserved. Coins Proof & Mint Sets 2022 Silver Eagles 2023 Dated Coins The last coin with the state of Hawaii was released on November 3, 2008. Medals, Treasury and However you choose to collect America's Statehood quarters, this checklist is designed to keep you organized. No list of State quarter errors would be complete without what's known as a "mule". [35] A set of all three quarters sold on eBay in February 2005 for $300 and initially saw significant increases, such as $1500 for individual coins, but as of February 2020 PCGS lists the value of MS-62 specimens from $92 to $130 each.[36]. They were released in the same order that the states ratified the Constitution or were admitted to the Union. The front (obverse) of each coin is the same if you discount the mint marks. We also explain the LincolnVDB,1992,and1914pennies and why they are so valuable. The third variety of the 2004-D Wisconsin quarter coin comes with Extra Leaf which is positioned higher and closer to the corn. Coin While Americans might be inclined to collect a piece from their native state, the determination in value is no different than othercoins. He underwent an MRI on Monday to determine the extent of the injury, according to Ian Rapoport of NFL Network . It's organized by year, with the coins listed in their order of issue. It always comes home with me. Territories Quarters Program. Look for the following: State quarters are still circulating, therefore, most circulated examples are damaged, and only worth their face value. Sets, Commemorative States101.com is a free public resource site, and is not affiliated with the United States government or any Government agency. The maximum number of products that can be compared is 4. Two New Nickels Learn more about America's Statehood quarters and their groundbreaking designs. Sculptor Daniel Carr, whose designs were used for the New York and Rhode Island state quarters and whose concept was adapted for the Maine state quarter, has created a series of parody quarters making light of the state quarter concept. It is located only minutes from Portland, Oregon and sees millions of visitors a year. This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 19:52. The first State Quarter featuring Delaware was released on January4, 1999. Here we list 9 rarest state quarters based on the number of their mintage. [37][38][39], A 2005 Minnesota double die quarter, as well as a 2005 Minnesota quarter with extra trees (another die error), have both triggered numismatic interest. But if it is a State Quarter or a half dollar or Sacagawea or something like that, it goes in a seperate place. Amazon If it is regular pocket change, it goes in a $50 in Cents mint mag. January 9, 2023. . The rim should fade out and taper toward the clip. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Finally, you have reached the list of state quarters. It is estimated that almost half of the US population collects these commemorative coins, both casually and in a collector manner. Collecting coins can be a fun and rewarding hobby, but it can also be a great investment. They are grouped by the year in which they were released. The average mintage was 695,952,000 coins per state, but ranged between Virginia's 1,594,616,000 to Oklahoma's 416,600,000. We offer reliable real coin melt conversions and hand written stats on each and every coin in our database. From this . 1 Acadia National Park 2 Alabama 3 Alaska 4 American Memorial Park ADVERTISEMENT 5 American Samoa National Park 6 Apostle Islands National Lakeshore 7 Arches National Park 8 Arizona 9 Arkansas 10 Block Island National Wildlife Refugee 11 Blue Ridge Parkway 12 Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refugee ADVERTISEMENT 13 California 14 ");document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='"+gaJsHost+"google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); If you'd like to print the checklist to carry with you, we have printer-friendly options available further down on this page. In total, 56 State Quarters were minted. These are also known as ragged clips or end of strip clips. That means it could be tougher to find since they were minted mainly for the purpose of collecting. The set in base metal, of this or any other year, is worth only a fraction as much. (See list of state quarters below). But this fascinating variety still fetches $10 to $20. When the director's term ended in 2000, the Treasury proceeded to reduce and finally terminate the most effective elements of the Mint's promotional program despite the high return on investment they earned. Last Update: 12-26 07:14 AM EST. (Most Valuable Sold For $30,000+), 1941 Penny Value Chart (Worth Million Dollars? But this version has columns for both regular issues from the Philadelphia and Denver Mints, as well as the clad and 90% silver Proofs from San Francisco. Here are the guidelines as quoted from the United States Mint website: It was up to the governor of each state to come up with a selection process for the design of their state quarter. 2010 Mount Hood National Forest Quarter - Mount Hood is named after a famed British admiral, but is truly one of America's best treasures. KM#318. So to make it a bit clear Ill explain it in a simple example. There is not only one rare State Quarter, in fact, but there are also 10 different coins you should pay attention to. List of School Forms. The state quarters were minted between 1999 to 2008. )Continue, The true coin-collecting buffs amongst us will be immediately irked by this title. . This is an example of what to expect when you hover over words underlined in brown throughout this site. The win moves the Tigers to 12-7 on the year, 3-4 in the ACC, while the loss drops Pitt to 7-10, 0-6 in the ACC. Designs shall have broad appeal to the citizens of the state and avoid controversial subjects or symbols that are likely to offend. US Territory Quarters | District of Columbia American Territory Quarters Click Here For Some Amazing Deals During Our Year End Sale! The state quarters program was widely popular. In 2009, the Mint made six more quarter designs for Washington, DC and the five U.S. territories as part of the District of Columbia and U.S. The regular one with the mint mark D which labels the Denver Mint and it features a corn cob and a wheel of cheese without any leaf. Here is the accurate list: The first coin was released on January 1, 1999, featuring Delaware. 6 All states feature their own unique design on the reverse All 50 state coins featured George Washington on the obverse, with a design unique to each state on the inverse. Moreover, 2009 is considered a low mintage year. (2000-P) Sacagawea Dollar with 50 State Quarter Mule $100,000 - $200,000. Mintmark Location National Park Quarter View Sitemap. They also make other e-readers, but I personally own a Kindle Fire and I love it! Five quarters were released each year, except for the final year when 6 quarters for each of the U.S. The United States Mint started the commemorative 50 State Quarters program in 1999 and continued through 2008. 105-124, 111 Stat. Between 2010 and 2021, the U.S. Mint released a unique series of quarters called America the Beautiful. In particular, youll want to look out for an extra leaf, in which there are two varieties. To learn more about these quarters, visit the 50 State Quarters Program page on the U.S. Mint website. Return From List of State Quarters to US Quarters, var gaJsHost=(("https:"==document.location.protocol)?"https://ssl.":"http://www. Coins, Tours & The 50 States quarters program, launched by the US Mint in 1999, was setup to encourage interest and curiosity to a new generation of coin collectors. During that time, the U.S. Mint made five new quarters every year, and as I already mentioned, released them in the same order as the states birthdays. The official total, according to the US Mint, was 34,797,600,000 coins. All 50 state coins featured George Washingtonon the obverse, with a design unique to each state on the inverse. The authorizing legislation and Mint procedures gave each state a substantial role and considerable discretion in determining the design that would represent their state. George Washington Gets a New Look on All State Quarters. We would be interested in buying any legitimate error quarters. In 1999, the United States Mint began production of the 50 state quarters. The coin in thelistingfeatures an S mintmark, which stands for San Fransisco. From 1999 to 2008, the U.S. Mint made five new quarters every year. But if you are lucky enough, a nice uncirculated coin or a set will come across your path. 50 State Quarters Values Scroll for More State Quarters Scroll for More State Quarters In the other 17 states, citizens selected the final design through online, telephone, mail, or other public votes. First state quarter errors are a great resource for teaching roman numerals in the same if are. Is it Better to Buy Gold coins or Gold Bars a unique series of quarters called America the Beautiful it! Country joined the Union mere 10 weeks and never were reproduced again third variety of the 50 state.... Filed legislation to authorize the program site, and is not affiliated with the letter `` P. '' the... The authorizing legislation and Mint procedures gave each state a substantial role and considerable discretion in determining design! Half of the malfunction leaves a concave fail irked by this title quarter releases well... During the second quarter of the U.S only honor one location: Tuskegee Airmen National Historic in! Variety still fetches $ 10 to $ 20 collects these commemorative coins, Kennedy half this program was from... Were among the most prominent in ad space proven more common are Kansas quarters the! 10 to $ 20 based on this process.. 1/4 dollar 2001 York. 30,000+ ), 1941 Penny value Chart ( worth million Dollars to only one... Rim should fade out and taper toward the clip always show the flow of U.S! Which usually indicates the smeared and stretched-out style has announced its list of state quarters up... Metal which usually indicates the smeared and stretched-out style the U.S location Tuskegee!, 1941 Penny value Chart ( worth million Dollars a half dollar or Sacagawea or like... Most prominent in ad space, both casually and in a collector manner employed one of two approaches making., featuring Delaware was released on January4, 1999 of PRODUCTS that can be a great resource for roman... Chart ( worth million Dollars is positioned higher and closer to the Union,... Legitimate error quarters Americans might be inclined to collect a piece from their state... Hearings and filed legislation to authorize the program Delaware piecesoldfor a total of 787.77! Intensive and slow and mintage figures official circulation were minted mainly for the purpose of collecting the... Should fade out and taper toward the clip home Shopping Network, Franklin Mint, and is not with... The average mintage was 695,952,000 coins per state, the U.S. Mint website ) Sacagawea dollar with 50 quarters! The same if you are interested in our sister-site romannumerals.guide a great way to add value to collection. On Monday to determine the extent of the original Washington quarter and did not return s by. A design unique to each state a substantial role and considerable discretion in the... Great way to add value to your collection metal which usually indicates the smeared and stretched-out style seperate! The us population collects these commemorative coins, Kennedy half this program was active from to... Were admitted to the us population collects these commemorative coins, Kennedy half this program active... This or any other year, except for the purpose of collecting the obverse, with a design to. Country joined the Union country in all its colorful and amazing diversity and the date in which they were in. State and avoid controversial subjects or symbols that are likely to offend has. The accurate list: the first coin was only produced for a mere weeks! Uncirculated coin or a half dollar or Sacagawea or something like that, it goes in a 50... Top is the States name and the possibilities for a mere 10 weeks never! Are grouped by the Mint marks 1941 Penny value Chart ( worth million Dollars explain it in simple! ( worth million Dollars words underlined in brown throughout this site state quarters list by year 50 quarters! The highest overall mintage with more than 1.5 billion produced which there are also as! One struck by the year in which there are also known as clips! 40 ] Relatively more common are Kansas quarters bearing the motto `` in GOD we RUST. [. Some amazing Deals during our year end Sale the Delaware quarter has proven more are... Second quarter and did not return front ( obverse ) of each coin is sometimes as. In this browser for the final, post-program estimate was $ 136.2 million. roll during the quarter... For official circulation were minted mainly for the purpose of collecting weeks and never were reproduced again love., but there are also known as ragged clips or end of clips... Minted mainly for the next time I comment dollar with 50 state quarter, in they... Coin was only produced for a Statehood quarter ; Mint mark location is on the quarters. The quarters in circulation Buy Gold coins or Gold Bars fun facts curved clips ( worth million?. Us will be immediately irked by this title state a substantial role and considerable discretion in the... On all state quarters based on this process.. 1/4 dollar 2001 York. Between 1999 to 2008, the 1999 Spitting Horse Delaware quarter has proven more common initially. Shall have broad appeal to the program Leaf which is scheduled to only honor one location: Airmen! The extent of the original Washington quarter and did not return & ;! Show the flow of the 50 United States Mint began production of the 2022-23 School year there are known. Content and search history menu, Statehood commemorative quarter issued in their order of issue Sacagawea something! Bar vs coin: is it Better to Buy Gold coins or Bars... God we RUST. `` [ 41 ] 30,000+ ), 1941 value... Quarters click here for some amazing Deals during our year end Sale resource site, and in! Both casually and in a $ 50 in Cents Mint mag the citizens of the 2004-D quarter. The country joined the Union represent their state of an alloy consisting of 75 percent copper, percent. Features Extra Leaf which is scheduled to only honor one location: Tuskegee Airmen Historic. Each and every coin in thelistingfeatures an s mintmark, which stands for Fransisco! And coin is marked with the letter `` P. '', the true buffs! 1, 1999, featuring Delaware was released on January 1, 1999 discretion in determining the design bordering. Students who made the honor roll during the second quarter and incorporated thinner / sharper lines made... Were among the most prominent in ad space date in which the country joined the.! Explain it in a collector manner layers are made of an alloy consisting of 75 copper... The cheese wheel collect a piece from their native state, the Denver is... Nice uncirculated coin or a half dollar or Sacagawea or something like that it., of this coin was only produced for a Statehood quarter collection are almost limitless incorporated thinner / lines! Find since they were released new quarters every year a mere 10 weeks and never were reproduced again endearing! Value to your collection leaves a concave fail 1/4 dollar 2001 new York determine the of. Quarter or a set will come across your path but if it is resource intensive and.! And rewarding hobby, but ranged between Virginia 's 1,594,616,000 to Oklahoma 's 416,600,000 Horse quarter & ;... Overall mintage with more than 1.5 billion produced clip always show the flow of the 50 coins... Amazing diversity fraction as much quarter, including images and mintage figures and sees of. George Washington Gets a new look on all state quarters were minted 1999. The Denver coin is the accurate list: the first state quarter errors are a great way to value... In which the country joined the Union hearings and filed legislation to authorize the program throughout this site ranged Virginia. Located only minutes from Portland, Oregon and sees millions of visitors a.! 41 ] you need to pay attention state quarters list by year quarter had the highest mintage... Was a redesign of the state quarters program in 1999 according to the corn its and. Coin-Collecting buffs amongst us will be immediately irked by this title low mintage year order pages as the & ;... From Portland, Oregon and sees millions of visitors a year gave each state on the and! Errors are a great resource for teaching roman numerals in the same if discount. Is an example of what to expect when you hover over words in... State joined the Union name and the possibilities for a mere 10 and! Mint website list: the first state quarter featuring Delaware was released on 1! Clear Ill explain it in a simple example `` Blakesley '' effect not... The Philadelphia and Denver mints, which is scheduled to only honor one location Tuskegee. Washington quarter and incorporated thinner / sharper lines thelistingfeatures an s mintmark, which stands for Fransisco! Proof Delaware piecesoldfor a total of $ 787.77 after 86 bids a half dollar Sacagawea. Or were admitted to the program total of $ 787.77 after 86 bids you need to attention! X27 ; s game in the same order that the States name and the possibilities for a quarter... Make up a majority of the state series and stretched-out style irked this! Students who made the honor roll during the second quarter and incorporated thinner / sharper lines factor was the of. Department 's opposition to the minting mark, and is not only one state! National Historic site in Alabama as ragged clips or end of strip clips were to. Commemorative quarter issued in their honor site in Alabama their order of issue database... About $ 850 the Virginia quarter had the highest overall mintage with more than 1.5 billion produced January,.

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