Boris Yeltsin resigns in a shock live television announcement. Verbs of motion in Russian such as 'go', 'walk', 'run', 'swim', and 'fly' use the imperfective or perfective form to indicate a single or return trip, and also use a multitude of prefixes to add shades of meaning to the verb. Of the 16,000 registered newspapers, Argumenty i Fakty, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Izvestia, and Moskovskij Komsomolets are popular. [453] The constitution gives the country's individual republics the right to establish their own state languages in addition to Russian, as well as guarantee its citizens the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its study and development. The Russian president this week hailed his 'prisoner army' with his spokesman declaring Russia 'must know - and knows - its heroes'. Grigori Perelman was offered the first ever Clay Millennium Prize Problems Award for his final proof of the Poincar conjecture in 2002, as well as the Fields Medal in 2006. ", "Russia and Ukraine Fight, But Their People Seek Reconciliation", " ", "The North Caucasus Bilingualism and Language Identity", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, "Linguistic rights and education in the republics of the Russian Federation: towards unity through uniformity", "Linguistic Diversity In Russia Is A Threat To Sovereignty Or A Condition Of Cohesion? [43], The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language ( "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other ", "June 27, 1954: World's First Nuclear Power Plant Opens", "Arable land (% of land area) Russian Federation", "System Shock: Russia's War and Global Food, Energy, and Mineral Supply Chains", Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Russia's Dominance of the Wheat World Keeps Growing", "The importance of Ukraine and the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets and the risks associated with the current conflict", "Who Invented Radio: Guglielmo Marconi or Aleksandr Popov? It is the native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European language family. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. Once an underdeveloped, peasant society, Russia underwent an intense centrally [637], Ice hockey is very popular in Russia, and the Soviet national ice hockey team dominated the sport internationally throughout its existence. [citation needed], During the Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. [467][468] Some religious minorities have faced oppression and some have been banned in the country;[469] notably, in 2017 the Jehovah's Witnesses were outlawed in Russia, facing persecution ever since, after having been declared an "extremist" and "nontraditional" faith. [279] Russia maintains cordial relations with Iran, as it is a strategic and economic ally. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. [607], Russia's national non-alcoholic drink is kvass,[608] and the national alcoholic drink is vodka; its creation in the nation dates back to the 14th century. [595] Flavourful soups and stews include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka, and okroshka. [44], Led by Prince Alexander Nevsky, Novgorodians repelled the invading Swedes in the Battle of the Neva in 1240,[56] as well as the Germanic crusaders in the Battle on the Ice in 1242. [548] By the 1980s, rock music became popular across Russia, and produced bands such as Aria, Aquarium,[558] DDT,[559] and Kino;[560] the latter's leader Viktor Tsoi, was in particular, a gigantic figure. Smetana (a heavy sour cream) and mayonnaise are often added to soups and salads. [141]:295 The Soviet economy and infrastructure suffered massive devastation, which caused the Soviet famine of 19461947. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent. [48], The ancestors of Russians are among the Slavic tribes that separated from the Proto-Indo-Europeans, who appeared in the northeastern part of Europe c.1500years ago. [212] Russia, by landmass, is larger than three continents,[g] and has the same surface area as Pluto. [421] According to Federal Agency for Tourism, the number of inbound trips of foreign citizens to Russia amounted to 24.4 million in 2019. [544], Until the 18th-century, music in Russia consisted mainly of church music and folk songs and dances. [citation needed], The city of Veliky Novgorod has historically displayed a feature called chokanye or tsokanye ( or ), in which /t/ and /ts/ were switched or merged. [93] During most of the 19th and early 20th century, Russia and Britain colluded over Afghanistan and its neighboring territories in Central and South Asia; the rivalry between the two major European empires came to be known as the Great Game. It is one of four living East Slavic languages,[h] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. [41] In classical antiquity, the Pontic-Caspian Steppe was known as Scythia. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern, Central (or Middle), and Southern, with Moscow lying in the Central region. "" (XI-XII )", "Geoarchaeology of the earliest paleolithic sites (Oldowan) in the North Caucasus and the East Europe", "Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave", "Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid", "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia", "New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia)", "Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers", "Thousands of horsemen may have swept into Bronze Age Europe, transforming the local population", "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe", "Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians", "1998 NOVA documentary: "Ice Mummies: Siberian Ice Maiden", "Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe", Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, "Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia", "Exploration and Settlement on the Alaskan Coast", "Who really discovered Antarctica? It arose in the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter the Great and developed from the Moscow (Middle or Central Russian) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. [622] Dziga Vertov's "Kino-Eye" theory had a huge impact on the development of documentary filmmaking and cinema realism. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus", "Article 7. [53], In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia,[73] and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006.[20]. [609] The country has the world's highest vodka consumption,[610] while beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage. As Russia's invasion of Ukraine enters its 11th month, US and Ukrainian officials tell CNN that Russia's artillery fire is down dramatically from its wartime high, in some places by as much as 75%. [37] Remnants of these steppe civilizations were discovered in places such as Ipatovo,[37] Sintashta,[38] Arkaim,[39] and Pazyryk,[40] which bear the earliest known traces of horses in warfare. [154] In 1979, after a communist-led revolution in Afghanistan, Soviet forces invaded the country, ultimately starting the SovietAfghan War. [60] In contrast to the other two Baltic states, Lithuania has a relatively small Russian-speaking minority (5.0% as of 2008). [495], Russian culture has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and Western influence. [334] Its foreign exchange reserves are the world's fifth-largest, worth $540 billion. [71] The Romanov dynasty acceded to the throne in 1613 by the decision of the Zemsky Sobor, and the country started its gradual recovery from the crisis. The Sreda Arena Atlas 2012 did not count the populations of two federal subjects of Russia where the majority of the population is Muslim, namely, Russia has an additional 850km (530mi) of coastline along the, Russia, by land area, is larger than the continents of, Russia borders, clockwise, to its southwest: the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, most significant Russian technological achievements, permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, List of tribes and states in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, annexed most of its territories into Russia, unstable and focused predominantly on domestic issues, industrialisation of the largely rural country, Soviet civilian and military death were about 2627 million, Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, traditional boundary between Europe and Asia, strengthened bilaterally and economically, strategic, energy, and defense relationship, opposition political parties and protests, persecution of non-governmental organisations, Economic history of the Russian Federation, Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, inequality of household income and wealth, revamped sanctions and corporate boycotts, modern heterostructure physics and electronics, List of cities and towns in Russia by population, believers without affiliation to any specific religion, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, "Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation", "The Kurile Islands: Why Russia And Japan Never Made Peace After World War II", All-Russia Population Census 2010 ( 2010), " : ", "World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition", "The Russian federation: general characteristics", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Russian Federation", "1. Russian is the primary language of the overwhelming majority of people in Russia and is also used as a second language in [352] As of 2016[update], Russia has the world's fifth-largest road network, with 1.5 millionkm of roads,[353] while its road density is among the world's lowest. [5], Russia has an adult literacy rate of 100%,[472] and has compulsory education for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to 1718. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. [540] In early 20th-century, Russian neoclassical revival became a trend. [561] Pop music has continued to flourish in Russia since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. [179] High budget deficits coupled with increasing capital flight and inability to pay back debts, caused the 1998 Russian financial crisis, which resulted in a further GDP decline. Summary by language size. Source: Energoatom, Ukraine's state company that runs all nuclear power plants in this country Quote: "The Russian invaders in the satellite city [627], Football is the most popular sport in Russia. WebRussian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. [433] In 2019, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[434] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and is one of the world's lowest fertility rates. [117], Under Stalin's leadership, the government launched a command economy, industrialisation of the largely rural country, and collectivisation of its agriculture. A number of encoding conversion applications were developed. [citation needed], Dialectal differentiation accelerated after the breakup of Kievan Rus' in approximately 1100. Rossiyane ( ), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity. .: , 1990. Russia was the world's fifth-leading destination for international students in 2019, hosting roughly 300 thousand. [388] Since the times of Nikolay Lobachevsky, who pioneered the non-Euclidean geometry, and Pafnuty Chebyshev, a prominent tutor; Russian mathematicians became among the world's most influential. [428] Russia is famed worldwide for its rich museums, such as the State Russian, the State Hermitage, and the Tretyakov Gallery; and for theatres such as the Bolshoi and the Mariinsky. Soledar has been the centre of Russian aggression in recent days as it lies [137], The 19411945 period of World WarII is known in Russia as the Great Patriotic War. [51] 50% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. However, Russian was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese. 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