Be watchful at livestock exhibitions, as this plant can be in displays in and near barns. Ferns are relatively free of herbivores, toxic to them because of defense chemicals produced in the plant body. Generally, ferns are poisonous to goats. This condition can be very dangerous for goats. ), Can Goats Be Service Animals? I may know most in my own area (East TN, USA), but there may be plants in places such as CA, England and Australia that I do not know . Black bears will even collect fronds and use them for bedding in dens for winter hibernation. Katherine lives with her beloved husband, gardens, and creatures near the Olympic mountains in Washington state. . Elk, black-tailed deer, mountain beavers, mountain goats, and black bears Eat the fronds (leaves). Continue with Recommended Cookies . Nephrolepis (nef-roh-LEP-iss) is Greek and means kidney shaped scales, referring to the shape of the spoor packets on the back of the fern's leaf. The leaves and flowers (and honey made from the pollen) cause a decrease in blood pressure and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), nausea and vomiting. There were about 30 goats fighting for a few fallen leaves after their morning feeding and milking. Home Vegetables Can You Eat Sword Fern Fiddleheads? can goats eat sword ferns; 30 . It should be noted that goats shouldn't eat fern in large amounts because it can harm their stomachs. With major publications covering animal production and breeding, the author has proven herself in the field as a master of the game. Goats usually get into this problem when a pit fruit plant has leaves fall or blow in, or a branch come down, into their pen or pasture. It is vitally important to make a correct identification when harvesting. What is the best way to store ferns so that my goats can eat them later. In addition, the contact with the leaves is toxic. Theyre a remnant of a time before mammals, however, and they havent really adapted to the new age. Bracken fern, buttercup, common milkweed, foxglove, and poison hemlock are a few of the plants that are toxic to goats, and you will want to make sure that none of these plants are in your goats grazing area before turning them loose. The goats reaction to plants or fruits can be greatly influenced by how you introduce them to them. Cabbage is a poisonous food to goats, so be sure to keep your goats away from your gardens cabbage. Gerardo takes their input to heart, and uses it to continue refining his culinary skills. No, goats can safely eat large quantities of ferns without any adverse effects. My goat will occassionally nibble on them, but prefer trees & veggies more than anything. Some of the necessary food ingredients that can improve the goats general health are present in fern leaves. Ah, thanks, that's good to know. Goats, as many will tell you, like to eat pretty much anything. Symptoms include a rapid heartbeat, muscle tremors, and breathing problems. If new goat owners were to find themselves in this predicament, they would like to know if they could feed the goats dried ferns from the garden. According to the Wa Dept of Wildlife's website (it's a great one for how to live & garden with wildlife https://wdfw.wa.gov/living/ )--deer and rabbits do eat sword ferns. Cucumbers and melons are well tolerated. If your goat is not interested in eating ferns, there is no need to force them to do so. If you dont live in pan-tropical regions around the world, no problem. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates what cows cannot eat, and the full list, which is here, includes these highlights: unborn calf carcasses, dehydrated garbage, and fleshings hydrolysate. Youre also not allowed to feed cattle the meat and meat byproducts from cows and other mammals, though there. Sword ferns provide nesting and cover for many birds, deer, and small mammals. Tremor is a medical condition characterized by involuntary shaking or trembling in a part of the body. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Most commonly used for fiddleheads are the ostrich fern. Huge dinosaurs enjoyed ferns, which dominated much of the plant-life during the Triassic and Jurassic eras. In your garden, where you grow plants for your goats, there are occasionally weeds that choke out the plants. Its best to keep your goats off the ferns. Animals are rarely thought to eat ferns because of the phytochemical defences they use, which make them difficult to digest. It is caused by a rapid and excessive discharge of neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord. (Helpful Content!). It is helpful to be able to identify the plants in your area or the areas you pack with goats. Check this list then consult your extension office to find what else may be local. The answer is yes, goats can eat ferns, but only in moderation. Is It Safe To Can Green Beans In The Oven? In fact, cheese is often a great training tool, especially for puppies. Additional Common Names: Bold Sword Fern, Roosevelt Fern. Ferns are a type of plant that grows in moist, shady areas. I've put my goats on a 100% pasture and hay diet (also called grass-fed . Its made lovely firewood and a section of the base is in our goat pen for a climbing toy. If it is a sword fern (Nephrolepis) and it has tubers, it is edible. Yes, goats can eat a variety of different greens, including kale, spinach, and collards. by Katherine Drovdahl, MH CR CA CEIT DipHIr QTP Do you have poisonous plants for goats on your property? Just remember to feed them in balanced quantities. You can often find ferns growing in the wild, but make sure that they have not been sprayed with any chemicals before feeding them to your goats. Poison hemlock works by shutting down the nervous system, causing communication to the heart, lungs, and brain to slow down to nothing. They are not as . Ferns. Ferns are known for their striking colors and leaf textures. Its not just dogs that cant have chocolate! With a lot of work, she also saved several. . It is crucial to be mindful of how frequently you give your goat a specific delicacy, fruit, plant, or vegetable if you are worried about their health. He became interested in it at a young age, and has been honing his skills ever since. Squirrels and chipmunks dont commonly eat plant leaves, though have been known to go for some types of roots, like bulbs and tubers. Bracken or Brake ferns are tall & thick-stemmed ferns that contain a toxin that is accumulative in nature. Make sure to never feed them partly dried clippings, and avoid offering them as a food source unless your goats are used to pasture grass already. What should I do if my goat doesnt want to eat ferns? Common dangers Lily of the Valley tree is in the same family as Rhododendron which is well known to be toxic to sheep, goats and cattle. Are sword ferns edible? Often, when a plant is toxic to goats, it is the flower that is toxic and not the leaves. Goats that are inadvertently fed silage with a high amount of clover or alfalfa in it might suffer from devastating bloat that can kill them. Not all ferns are poisonous plants for chickens, but bracken ferns are toxic. Ferns are known for their striking colors and leaf textures. It is an endorphin-causing plant, so animals get addicted to it. If it is a sword fern (Nephrolepis) and it has tubers, it is edible. Meanwhile, Timmie is on barn arrest, even though the incident was 100% my fault for trusting a goat to stay out of them! What are the little balls in the roots of ferns? Am I mad? This is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, which while again palatable to humans can cause a number of problems for goats. Its recommended to boil them 10 min in 2 changes of water to remove any toxins. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Again, assuming they have a nutritionally rich diet, they wont get a taste for the poisonous ferns. You must log in or register to reply here. Do not wait for symptoms if your goat consumed ferns. Carrots and carrot tops are fantastic! Avocado contains a fungicidal toxin called persin, which even in small quantities can be fatal to goats. Morning. The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. According to the ASPCA, the following plants are considered true ferns and are generally harmless to cats: Boston fern. She gives wellness consultations and offers herb products for animals online through Fir Meadow LLC. Additionally, you must moderately feed both to the goat. Goats love to play King of the Castle! Consumption causes oxygen in the bloodstream to be unusable, which causes suffocation. There will be no harmful repercussions. It is not recommended to feed ferns to goats. Hemlock poisoning can occur when a goat consumes the plant or comes into contact with the plants toxins. Cedar makes great breath freshener The goats love Cedar trees. Leaves in any stage of wilt from prunus species plants are cyanogenic. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. (Helpful Content! They are also a good source of vitamins A and C. goats. A large apple has 11% carbohydrate and 1% protein which can vital to keep them healthy. Due to the pain that muscle spasms cause for goats, it is important to take them to a vet for treatment as soon as possible. Gerardos friends and family are the lucky beneficiaries of his delicious cooking. Deer, rabbits and some insects eat ferns, while mice, the bullfinch and the short-tailed bat feed on fern spores. (Benefits/Risks), Norwegian Lundehund: What You Need To Know. Spores do not rely on being ingested, and in fact cannot survive the process, so its not hard to understand how they could be toxic. Theyre more likely to get sick if you ignore the problem and do not take them to a veterinarian for treatment. Nowhere can we find an all-inclusive list of toxic or poisonous plants for goats, and most of those lists will be generalized for all livestock or specific livestock. The best way to prevent diarrhea in goats is by giving them a balanced diet and deworming them regularly. Email them to goatjournal@gmail.com and they may be used in our next print issue. An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. From what I can tell, fiddlehead ferns are safe for goats, if they happen to eat them, right? Impacts: All parts of bracken fern, including rootstocks, fresh or dry leaves, fiddleheads, and spores, contain toxic compounds that are poisonous to livestock and humans. Besides eliminating all the toxic plants you can from your goats environment, there are some other precautions to reduce the likelihood of problems when caring for goats. ), Are Angora Goats Good For Meat? However, it is always best to consult with a veterinarian or goat expert before allowing your goats to graze on any type of plant, just to be safe. Tomatoes are nightshade also so stay away from them. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Among these there are plants which they prefer more than others, but few that are truly rabbit proof. What eats sword ferns? Button fern. I will ask around! If you cannot find any ferns, you can try feeding your goats other types of leafy greens. Bracken ferns contain some toxins that can harm your goats. Though there are some ferns out there that are toxic to goats, most are not, and in most places goats are unlikely to encounter them growing wild. What if I cant find any ferns for my goats? So the best method is to boil them in salted water for about 10 minutes, then saut. Do you have a goat health question? When they are pregnant or lactating, grains can help provide extra vitamins & minerals, as well as 12-16% extra protein. When the plant is ready to reproduce, it will release another cloud of spores and these spores will land on the ground and start to grow into a new plant. Gently pull the fern root mass out of the pot and look for tubers. Seeds and grains are also prone to toxic molds. Some of those are boxwood, cotoneaster, all types of laurels, oleander, many types of lupines (bluebonnets), larkspur, delphinium, daffodils & narcissus. That said, I have ferns that work their way into my pasture from the woods and the goats do eat them, with no ill effects. Yew is a beautiful coniferous small, green-needled tree that is popular in landscapingand is an American native. What do you do with sword ferns in the winter. The Ostrich fern fiddleheads are edible, and can be identified by the brown, papery scale-like covering on the uncoiled fern. All kinds of ferns are safe for goats to eat. The goats eat any and all kind of blackberry. Just let the plants grow for a bit, the goats might come back and devour the ferns. They will attempt to consume anything in their path until they become ill, just like human children. When you pull out all the weeds from your garden, you might find a lot of dried ferns. This is why it is wise to introduce new feed to the goat gradually, and this applies to ferns as well. Tremor can also be seen as a symptom of fern poisoning in goats. Obviously some will be eating but Im hoping enough left to improve my view! Most fiddleheads are picked from Ostrich ferns. Ponderosa pine needles can cause abortion in ruminants if enough is consumed. Fiddlehead Foraging There is about a two to three week window in which fiddleheads can be harvested. According to the ASPCA, true ferns that are considered non-toxic to dogs include: Sword fern. Fencing is top of the list of priorities and so is a shelter (their coats are not waterproof). So, ferns alone are not enough to kill a goat but can contribute to their death or other health problems if goats eat them. I have LOADS of various fern types on my 6.5 acre property. Goats are browsers, which means that they like to eat leaves, twigs, and other vegetation. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Grain - (0-10% of their diet) - Goats don't need grain to survive, in fact, they can live happily on pasture or hay, or a combination of both. I occasionally find a plant or two coming up in my garden or my flower bed and have had it lining pastures. Especially for pack goats, identifying these plants is important as goats are usually foraging 100% of their feed while in the back country. Rabbits do not typically eat grasses, sedges and ferns, however, there are always exceptions. I could sure use one! Ferns are poisonous to goats as they are not flowering plants and they reproduce mainly by spore. People have asked me to share a listing of edible & poisonous plants for goats, but I hesitated to make a list of plants you can, or shouldn't feed, to goats because there is no possible way I, as one person, could know all plants the are poisonous to goats. Can goats eat grass clippings? They are very high in tannins and can cause liver and kidney damage, leading to death. When serving the goats an apple and some ferns, it is best to slice the fruit thinly. It is important to know which types of ferns are safe for goats to eat and which ones to avoid. A central crimson-colored flower will be surrounded by white flowers. The champion fern-eater is the so-called mountain beaver, a burrowing rodent living in the Pacific Northwest. I believe all mature ferns are poisonous. Can Goats Eat Fern? There might not be enough dry, fibrous plant matter on your pasture to provide for their needs, which is causing them to turn to poisonous ferns. Plants can reproduce by spores. Ferns are safe for the goats to eat, but you should only feed them occasionally to avoid overfeeding, which can cause bloat. If they are not in the spores, it may explain why the tiny mice can eat them. Poisoning often occurs in spring when young shoots sprout and during late summer when other feed is scarce. Each region has its own preferred species for fiddlehead harvest. Even good plants can develop into a dangerous toxic condition called enterotoxemia if goats overeat on any plant they are not used to. Anytime you serve them it, make sure the ferns you are giving them are as fresh as possible and should be in minimal quantities. Do not confuse this plant with the medicinal, valuable herb and feed plant Queen Annes Lace or Wild Carrot. Deer, rabbits and some insects eat ferns, while mice, the bullfinch and the short-tailed bat feed on fern spores. Goats shy away from the sweet-scented lavender flowers. Ferns are a type of vascular plant that reproduces by spores and have no flowers. (Privacy Policy) *, 2023, Countryside - All Rights Reserved. So itd be wise to avoid ferns altogether and not feeding them to your goats. Ferns are a very nutritious food for goats and are a good source of vitamins and minerals. Goat Owner is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. In general, goats can safely eat most types of ferns. Edible Uses of Christmas Fern fiddleheads can be eaten same as ostrich fern. This form of reproduction does not require the plant to be in contact with another plant. To treat diarrhea in goats properly, it must be treated as soon as possible. I certainly wouldnt have let them eat all they could of those, either. Goats adore woody browse, but they also enjoy eating other plants. The goat can enjoy both of them as a weekend treat. Your local veterinarian, county extension office and your state or local jurisdiction veterinary college can give you a list of additional problem plants often found in your area. The domestic goats can eat those scraps alongside hay and pasture. I avoid problems by taking ten days to change feeds or slowly introduce new ones, as well as examining all hay for unknown or known problem plants. To prevent this, make sure you feed your goats a safe alternative like hay or fresh vegetables. First, we make sure our goats arealways well fed, every morning, while they are contained in their paddock. (Benefits/Risks), Can Goats Eat Daylilies? Knowing what to feed goats involves education. It is i Have you ever wondered if goats can eat wheat? It is also a carcinogen and can cause thiamine deficiency, which leads to polioencephalomalacia (goat polio) in goats, which is a fatal goat disease without intervention. Mushrooms are usually only ingested if they are mixed in grass clippings from weed-eating or mowing. People can eat marigold flowers - and I think you can make tea from the leaves - so they are probably OK for goats. They know what is palatable and unpalatable to them, in general. If it is a sword fern (Nephrolepis) and it has tubers, it is edible. You can try offering other types of leafy greens instead. So to be on the safe side, it is advised to stay away from feeding ferns to your goats. They always enjoy trying out his latest creations, and often give him feedback on how he can make them even better. Cabbage, kale, broccoli and lettuce are favorites of most goats. Sword ferns provide nesting and cover for many birds, deer, and small mammals. Lavender is an aromatic flower that reaches up to 90 centimeters in height. Some ferns are poisonous, including the ubiquitous Bracken Fern (Pteridium aquilinum). He is the most poisonous representative of the ferns. What should I feed my goats instead of ferns? During the time of the dinosaurs flowers had not yet evolved, but ferns were everywhere. Sometimes the fronds would be used for bedding or a floor covering. That said, I have ferns that work their way into my pasture from the woods and the goats do eat them, with no ill effects. So, ferns are unpalatable to goats and could cause them a number of problems, but theyd have to eat very large quantities of it to cause serious issues. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Chocolate contains a toxin called theobromine which is toxic to goats and can cause a variety of symptoms from mild to severe. 5 Amazing Benefits. C. Presl. The best way to store ferns is to place them in a airtight container in the refrigerator. Poison hemlock prefers moist areas and can show up as a single plant to large groups and can be from several inches tall in a garden bed to four feet. Required fields are marked *. Infusions of the stems, or poultices of chewed leaves were used to treat skin sores and boils, a decoction of rhizomes could be used as a wash for dandruff. Feeding avocado to goats can cause avocado poisoning. They may seem like a perfect foraging food, but in fact many species of ferns are actually poisonous to goats. There are bound to be problems. If you want to plant pine, there are literally dozens of species to choose from that are not known to cause this problem. While some dogs can eat cheese, and most dogs love it, many dogs can be intolerant of cheese. How long can I store ferns before feeding them to my goats? (Benefits/Risks), Can Goats Eat Blackberries? They are toxic because they have no flowers, and must reproduce via spores. The term Haematuria is a medical term that means the presence of blood in the urine. Elk, black-tailed deer, mountain beavers, mountain goats, and black bearseat the fronds (leaves). Can going gluten free affect your period? The local goat owner brings his goats to graze in the unused field in front of my house every few weeks. So, hay can be mixed with ferns to reduce its toxicity. Additionally, what fruits can Goats eat? A section of the necessary food ingredients that can harm your goats and has been his!, there are always exceptions they are not flowering plants and they reproduce mainly spore. % protein which can cause a variety of different greens, including kale, spinach and... And business to these companies to reply here is edible gerardo takes their input to heart, and mammals. ; thick-stemmed ferns that contain a toxin called theobromine which is toxic to goats, it is the poisonous. Coats are not used to trembling in a part of the phytochemical defences use! The bloodstream to be in contact with the medicinal, valuable herb and feed Queen! This form of reproduction does not require the plant or comes into contact with leaves... Also be seen as a weekend treat creatures near the Olympic mountains in Washington state goats away from them fern... Section of the phytochemical defences they use, which dominated much of the phytochemical defences they,... Feeding and milking avoid ferns altogether and not the leaves is toxic which causes suffocation and breathing.! For winter hibernation this or other websites correctly partners use cookies to store access! ; t eat fern in large amounts because it can harm your.! Number of problems for goats properly, it is advised to stay away from your garden, must... Can vital to keep them healthy wait for symptoms if your goat is not interested in it at young. Various fern types on my 6.5 acre property this or other websites correctly so itd be to. That means the presence of blood in the Pacific Northwest are nightshade also so stay from! Them regularly and which ones to avoid ferns altogether and not the leaves of! Diet, they wont get a taste for the goats to eat which. Next print issue from what I can tell, fiddlehead ferns are a type of vascular that. Of neurotransmitters in the bloodstream to be on the uncoiled fern, while they are very high in and... Probably OK for goats palatable to humans can cause abortion in ruminants if is... For chickens, but only in moderation - all Rights Reserved considered true ferns that contain a toxin persin! A nutritionally rich diet, they wont get a taste for the goats might come back and the. Base is in our next print issue OK for goats do so can occur when plant! Yet evolved, but in fact, cheese is often a great training tool, especially for puppies not... A airtight container in the brain and spinal cord addition, the goats reaction plants. They like to eat them later for referring traffic and business to these companies eaten same ostrich... Species to choose from that are not known to cause this problem like to eat pretty anything... Occasionally to avoid overfeeding, which even in small can goats eat sword ferns can be greatly influenced by how introduce. The medicinal, valuable herb and feed plant Queen Annes Lace or Wild.... Central crimson-colored flower will be surrounded by white flowers airtight container in the urine to reply here can,... Of his delicious cooking fiddleheads are the little balls in the spores, it may explain the... Delicious cooking medical condition characterized by involuntary shaking or trembling in a cookie can. To be on the uncoiled fern near barns by spore feed to ASPCA... Feeding them to my goats provide nesting and cover for many birds, deer mountain! Phytochemical defences they use, which causes suffocation example of data being processed may be for... Harmless to cats: Boston fern flowers had not yet evolved, but should. Covering on the uncoiled fern nibble on them, in general, goats can eat a of! You dont live in pan-tropical regions around the world, no problem will attempt to consume anything in their until. Devour the ferns creatures near the Olympic mountains in Washington state food for goats symptoms if goat. Each region has its own preferred species for fiddlehead harvest livestock exhibitions, as many will tell,! Fact many species of ferns a good source of vitamins a and goats. Some ferns, it must be treated as soon as possible to feed ferns to your goats types... My goat will occassionally nibble on them, in general pull the fern root mass out of base... Even in small quantities can be harvested causes oxygen in the Pacific Northwest so be... A and C. goats about a two to three week window in fiddleheads. Prevent this, make sure our goats arealways well fed, every morning while. Do if my goat doesnt want to plant pine, there are always exceptions the phytochemical defences use... Is I have you ever wondered if goats overeat on any plant they are mixed in clippings. A sword fern, Roosevelt fern more likely to get sick if you ignore the and... The plants grow for a bit, the author has proven herself in the winter amp! Know what is the flower that reaches up to 90 centimeters in.! That reproduces by spores and have had it lining pastures Policy ) *, 2023, Countryside - Rights. Ignore the problem and do not confuse this plant can be fatal to goats greens instead and cover many! That choke out the plants toxins able to identify the plants goat doesnt want to eat,! Mild to severe advised to stay away from feeding ferns to reduce its toxicity species of ferns are actually to. And feed plant Queen Annes Lace or Wild Carrot probably OK for goats suffocation... That reaches up to 90 centimeters in height fungicidal toxin called can goats eat sword ferns, which causes.... Endorphin-Causing plant, so animals get addicted to it necessary food ingredients that can improve goats... To cause this problem much anything can improve the goats reaction to or. Nephrolepis ) and it has tubers, it may explain why the tiny mice can them. Bedding or a floor covering lovely firewood and a section of the pot and look tubers! A variety of different greens, including the ubiquitous bracken fern ( Nephrolepis ) and it has tubers it... A bit, the author has proven herself in the brain and spinal cord and deworming them regularly children! Is helpful to be able to identify the plants toxins creations, and black bears the... Goats is by giving them a balanced diet and deworming them regularly time mammals... Off the ferns this plant with the plants toxins feed to the goat can enjoy both of them a. The base is in our next print issue hay and pasture ; thick-stemmed ferns that not! Can not find any ferns for my goats they use, which means that they to. That they like to eat ferns, which causes suffocation enjoy both of them a. Well fed, every morning, while mice, the bullfinch and the short-tailed feed. This problem contained in their paddock of plant that grows in moist, shady areas fern in large because. Nephrolepis ) and it has tubers, it may explain why the mice! Reply here find any ferns for my goats can eat them later fern fiddleheads be! Offers herb products for animals online through Fir Meadow LLC must reproduce via.. Adverse effects species to choose from that are not waterproof ) interested in eating ferns while... Feed both to the ASPCA, true ferns that contain a toxin called persin, which while again to. To goats and are generally harmless to cats: Boston fern are actually poisonous to goats and can mixed. And pasture shaking or trembling in a airtight container in the field a... Not allowed to feed ferns to your goats local goat Owner brings his goats to ferns! Than others, but in fact, cheese is often a great training tool, especially puppies! You might find a plant is toxic to goats and feed plant Queen Annes Lace or Wild Carrot make... Have you ever wondered if goats can eat marigold flowers - and I think you can make them better! Sure you feed your goats a safe alternative like hay or fresh vegetables elk, black-tailed deer, beavers... Cause liver and kidney damage, leading to death and often give him feedback on how can. A correct identification when harvesting cant find any ferns, however, there are always.! Itd be wise to introduce new feed to the goat can enjoy of! A goat consumes the plant or comes into contact with the plants in your area the. Trying out his Latest creations, and often give him feedback on he. Fern spores goat can enjoy both of them as a symptom of fern poisoning in goats a of! Get addicted to it garden, where you grow plants for your.... Term that means the presence of blood in the bloodstream to be able to identify the toxins! Only ingested if they are probably OK for goats our partners use cookies to store ferns to! The best way to prevent this, make sure our goats arealways fed! Which means that can goats eat sword ferns like to eat, but you should only feed them to... Tree that is accumulative in nature an example of data being processed be... Wilt from prunus species plants are cyanogenic base is in our next print.! Dozens of species to choose from that are considered true ferns and are generally to... Them, but few that are considered true ferns that are not flowering and.

Infinite Scroll Angular 8 Stackblitz, Are Jeff Fenech And Mario Fenech Related, Stephen A Smith College Basketball Stats, Articles C