That real estate almost got converted into insurance pay-outs in the summer of 2003 when for a few weeks spanning July and August the great Lost Creek Fire threatened to erupt out of the valleys to the south of Colman and leap upon the Town. Crowsnest Highway was created in 1932. Frequently, pockets of methane gasfiredampwere encountered trapped in the seam or, heavier than air, pooled on a rooms floor having leaked from the coal face. Across CPs tracks from Blairmore proper a new settlement, Blairmore South, began growing, its residents able to easily make their way either by foot or train down to the mine at Frank to work. The demands of World War Two went a little way to easing the economic pain in the Trough and inspired the workers to again try to force concessions by joining the brief, continent-wide coal miners strike in November of 1943. The location was soon dubbed Mountain Mill. Willing Piikani were taught the skills necessary to convert trees into lumber, some of which went for the construction of permanent abodes on their Reserve. To get the wood to the mill the company built miles of flumes which shot the logs down to the Crowsnest River where upon they floated down to the mill yards. Highway 93 and the Crowsnest share a common alignment for the next 53km (33mi) southeast to Elko, where Highway 93 diverges south. Looking for website that will create an elevation profile at, say 100m horizontal intervals, of a US driving route on google maps that's on the order of 1000 miles. Bending slightly left around Bluff on a section that was re-aligned in 1978, the No. Winter, W.G. The second floor rooms are, with the exception of what must be the Presidential Suite at the top of the stairs, basic. Under the general management of Harry Wilton-Clark, operations of the company began immediately, with Tent Mountain coal continuing to be delivered to H-MCs cleaning plant and tipple at Bellevue. Premier Listings for Crowsnest Highway 3 The Crowsnest Highway (Highway 3) runs from Hope at the east end of the Fraser Valley all the way east to the British Columbia-Alberta border in the Rockies. Smuggling alcohol became big business in Canada when the United States adopted the Volstead Act on January 16th, 1919. The hotel was reputedly built by Jack Willoughby, the Lees son-in-law (Caroline), when the family realized that a fortune was on its way in the form of CPR construction crews who were about to lay a railway right by the Springs. 3 through here in 1917, these Waters completely blocked the Pass to terrestrial traffic. 1 mine Burg of the Pass because, she hoped, it was destined to become the pre-eminent settlement in the Crowsnest Trough. With him came the fiscal restraint which cut subsidies to industry. The province invested $1.1 million in equipment to monitor rock masses on the mountainside in 2003. This happy situation cropped up only infrequently, however, and the very few of Hillcrests workers who had enjoyed employment with Hillcrest-Mohawk had to find other employment for their talents. Franks first endeavour at Burmis, and through them may have heard of the carboniferous riches in the vaults of Turtle Mountain. Patterson was replaced as president by MCCs Howard and F.J. Harquail of Hillcrest-Mohawk was appointed the managing director. Since 1901 the Mounties had maintained a presence in the community, but had left much of the day to day policing to the local constabularies. Grahams ranch house and the six people buried within it when the Turtle walked, the Road passes the three-chimneyd remains the Winnipeg Fuel and Supply Company kilns hiding in the brushy evergreens. Lyon as mayor, the community took a second breath and bloomed into the Troughs major node. Since 1916 the puritanical element in Alberta society, unhappy with the obvious ease with which some of their neighbours still obtained strong drink and increasing in relative strength as thousands of men were sent off to war, had been pressing Edmonton to amend the law and declare a total prohibition. Its massive limestone block walls, designed to bear the weight of a couple of additional floors, are unique in the Trough. The CPR never did build a station there, and few travellers stopped. Some experts believe its just a matter of time before another major landslide occurs. Elevation profile of Kootenay Pass climb, east side, on BC Highway 3 (Crowsnest Highway) But the biggest part of this climb happens in the final 12 kilometers - that is, after the point at which I realized I was getting tired. PS: The Virtual Crowsnest Highway was honoured and delighted to receive the British Columbia Historical Federations 2006 B.C. Alice Cameron and Nettie McIntyre taught school in a vacant room above the pool hall. Though the new edict was exacting, it could not destroy desire and liquor continued to flow. Around 1970 the company built a new washery at Coleman. The Frank that greets travellers today is the townsite laid out by C-AC&C in 1904. In the early 1990s the Grand Union welcomed youth hostellers with reduced rates; not so now. Across 20th the several blocks of business facades that used to watch with interest the hustle and bustle of the railyards now stare dully across the tracks at the houses of sleepy South Blairmore. An image captured by Blairmore photographer Thomas Gushul in 1918 shows the buildings pretty well still intact. Come the 20s demand was outstripping supply. A newer standard gauge locomotive, Hillcrest No. A pedestrian bridge was suspended across the Crowsnest to bring Hillcrest and its working mine within easy walking distance. A. Another 6km (4mi) east, Highway 95 diverges north while Highway 93 merges onto the Crowsnest Highway from a shared alignment. In the basement were the cells, on the main level was the courtroom, general offices, magistrates office and the Police superintendents family residence. Passburg it became. It became an annual event and did much to instil a sense of community in Bellevues residents. Crowsnest Pass (sometimes referred to as Crow's Nest Pass, French: col du Nid-de-Corbeau) is a low mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies on the AlbertaBritish Columbia border. The most suitable site for a settlement was on the flat bench above the Mines mouth. Sometimes called the Crowsnest Route or the Route of the Crow, Highway 3 is a memorial to a This time, however, despite the heroic efforts of mine rescue teams sped to the scene by the CPR from as far away as Fernie, B.C., 30 died, either killed out-right or suffocating in after-damp. But, because both owners and miners made big money in the pits, the dead were mourned and quickly buried by the benevolent societies which had formed, in part, for just such occurrences. As for the open-pit operations, the board decided to concentrate CCLs efforts on the Tent Mountain properties and continue developing the Vicary Creek project. Off the No. Come 1907 Morino had completed 190 ovens which output 910 tons of coke per day, and by the next year 216, divided into three batteries, were in operation producing up to 8,000 tons per month, most destined for the big Granby Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company operation at Grand Forks, and the British Columbia Copper Company smelter a few miles farther west on the Kettle Valley Line, at Greenwood, B.C. The coal was trucked the 20 miles or so to the plant at Coleman. Loose Scree and Great Views of the Seven Sisters Near the outflow he erected a little shackhis sanitariumoutside of which he or one of his employees would heat the waters for people who felt themselves in need of a restorative soak. The new outfit soon concluded that mining coal underground was quickly becoming uneconomic in the east Pass. Patterson was named president and nominally headquartered at Coleman. Also on the miners wish-list were schools and teachers, comfortable, well built houses and stores with selections of reasonably prices goods. Alberta bituminous, though ideal for both coking and steaming thanks to its low moisture and ash content, could only find a market in Ontario when labour unrest in America interrupted deliveries. When BC Hydro took over EKP in September, 1966, its mandate disallowed it to operate generating facilities outside the its home province. It turned to the No. The Imperial Hotel was dismantled and removed to Vulcan, AB, where it continues to serve. When the APP was disbanded in March of 1932, the RCMP moved in and stayed until 1955 when offices for them were completed in the brand new Post Office building four of five blocks west on 20th, then being called Main. The courthouse was then modified and given over entirely to the Courts. The Mohawk mines most lasting legacy to Bellevue was the little settlement called Maple Leaf which grew up on a property pre-empted by Chet Wentworth east of the ravine in which sheltered the Bellevue Mine. Taking an option on the property for $30,000, Frank and Gebo began digging their Blairmore Springs Coal Mine in December of 1900. That summer a wild fire engulfed thousands of trees and to cap off a bad year, on August 23rd the Home Bank of Canada declared insolvency and closed, wiping out the school districts savings along with those of countless families all through the Crowsnest Pass and beyond. Scott, teamed with hotelier A. Manuel of Frank and acquired an interest in the Blairmore Coal and Coke Company (BC&C) which in January of 1907 began development work one of the properties, Blairmore South. McEachern School was opened in September of 1962, when it became the communitys Maple View Hall. Listen to your favorite songs from Crowsnest Highway by R Now. Not only could a man usually make his tonnage and more, when he came up all grimy and stinking from ten or 12 hours of strenuous labour underground, he didnt have to go home to clean himself the best he could in a house typically without running water. It was an expensive undertaking requiring the erection of a head-frame, the installation of a lift and the acquisition of gas-powered dinky engines to replace the horses. In 1912, though, the project was resuscitated by the locally-influential W.A. Pincher Creek, AB. A canvas for graffiti artists, it was demolished as a Canada Centennial project in 1967. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, the Federations influence rapidly spread into the Crows Nest Pass coal mines and by 1902 it had formed District 7 taking in workers on both sides of the Great Divide. To meet demands International had begun preparing an open-pit mine on the southern end of its property on York Creek, while MCC investigated the possibility of applying the technique to the northern end of its measures in Vicary Creeks valley, some 20 miles north of Coleman. Arkoff, Ausby Auloff and Tom Bassoff, boarded the day coach with malice aforethought. Subsequent years were not as good. In April of 1909 WCC announced that its men had struck a 12 foot-thick seam of excellent coal after tunnelling 300 feet through the gravel till of the lateral moraine that locally forms a bench against the base of the Troughs southern slope. It was always popular with business travellers who had business with WCC whose offices stood opposite on 20th. The Mission was soon joined by the modest Roman Catholic Holy Spirit Church constructed under the direction of Fr. No longer would the men have to trudge home dirty and wet after eight hours hard work. Although a new powerhouse was built to shelter larger boilers in 1911, Blairmore South ultimately disappointed WCC which quit mining it in 1914. Over the years, wild fire and weeds and unforgiving winters have conspired with midden rakers to eradicate most physical traces of Lille. The Twenties roared into the east Pass bringing with them the post-Great War depression. Reported on 2010/01/06 by the CBC in an article posted on its web-page http://www.cbc.ca/canada/calgary/story/2010/01/06/calgary-frank-slide-monitoring.html The first joint project that the companies undertook was the completion of renovations to its tipple and the construction of a wet washery which MCC had already begun as part of an expensive program of modernization which had seen a coal drying plant finished a year earlier. In 1907, perhaps reflecting a loss of faith in finding good quality coal in the Gold Creek basin, WCC removed its head office from Lille to Blairmore. In 1906, to better serve a population that was estimated to be 1300, the CPR built a proper station at Coleman, a Standard Number 5. On July 29th, 1907, the lone RN-WMP member posted in Coleman got some back-up when the Village appointed John Nathan as constable at $510 per year. Delivered to the surface, the laden mine cars were marshalled in a miniature yard whence a dinkya small 0-2-0 saddle-tanked steam locomotivedrew them up to a wooden tipple built on the edge of the escarpment overlooking the hamlet. Quebecer A.J. Separated by language and culture and disputes rooted in ancient European distrusts, the workers of the Pass were not truly unified. Appreciating the routes utility to smugglers and rustlers, the N-WM Police had built a crude outpost on the shore of Crowsnest Lake in 1886, improving the facility when the Railway came through in 1897 and posting a six-man detachment under an inspector until 1900. The Second World War called Colemans miners back to work in numbers not seen since the 10s. Just across the No. He built a little horse drawn tramway, writes W.J. In August of 1896, the year old W.S. Crowsnest Pass, AB. It takes an average of 3 h 59 min to hike. This, too, awaited only the feeblest of excuses to explode. OHagan, a school, and, facing the works across the F&GM rails, had built Fleutots large hotel with a fancy bar and a bath room wherein the miners could, for a price, scrub down; damned if it would lay on a wash-house, too. Desperate to survive in a collapsing industry, West Canadian Collieries applied once more in 1953 to merge itself into CCL. Once at the top, you will have magnificent views of the valley including Crowsnest Lake, Island Lake, Sentry Mountain . Worse was yet to come, however, for the Coleman mines were about to lose their biggest customer. Alberta Transportation has long-term plans to upgrade the entire Highway3 corridor to a freeway from the British Columbia border to Medicine Hat. Though it had developed the coal measures near its Mainline at Bankhead near Banff and owned large mines at Lethbridge, CP was interested in securing reliable sources of good quality fuel closer to the Kootenays. Great views from the parking lot lookout and you can walk a path down to the water. Church organizations and moral reformers such as the evangelistic William Aberhart demanded the complete and immediate eradication of demon rum. Availing themselves of Albertas new plebiscite law, prohibitionists badgered Premier Arthur Lewis Sifton into setting July 21st, 1915 as the date upon which to assess Albertans temperate sentiments. The station had been wrecked. And the Turtle still walks. Broken windows serve as pigeon doors to guano encrusted rooms. The pride of the Lille Hotel, its fancy Belgian bar, ended up in Lundbreck at the eastern mouth of the Pass, where it still supports elbows in the hotel beer parlour. It was on his pasture in 1920 that an east Pass first occurred when a dare-devil of a pilot landed his flimsy little bi-plane to offer folks a swift flight around Mount Sentinel for $5.00. Its an odd-ball, that Mountain. The ownership of the townsite was still in dispute so the WCC acquired the adjacent property to the west and began to build bungalows and rooming houses to shelter the mostly French, Belgian and Czech workers which it moved in from its Lille operations. In late 1919, defying the recession which was crippling any business associated with the metals industry, Calgary-based Carlyle and Johnson bankrolled an outfit they called Bellevue Collieries which bought the rights to the seams of the old Leitch Collieries property then owned by Joe Little, on the east side of Tallon Peaks spur. Seismologists explained that, finally, one in an eternity of tectonic tremors succeeded in breaking the bond between the strata and put intolerable pressure on an ancient fault which underlay the bottom of the Mountain. To make sure that they would function correctly when erected in the wilds of western Canada, the ovens were pre-assembled in Belgium, tested and then dismantled, every one of the thousands of bricks being marked to ensure proper re-assembly. Though there were a thousand things over which bosses and workers could disagree, money, of course, topped the list. RM 2A1C6CJ - A metal statue of a Sasquatch, or Bigfoot, walking by the side of the Crowsnest Highway, near Osoyoos, British Columbia, Canada . A shift or two in a mine and a mine there would down tools in protest over a specific issue. Early in 1951 Internationals directors offered $300,000 for McGillivray, lock, stock and barrel. 1932), "Highways 1 & 3 Network Functional Planning Study - Future Realignment - City of Medicine Hat - Executive Summary", "Highway 3:14 Functional Planning Study - West of Burdett to West of Seven Persons", "Provincial Highways 1 - 216 Progress Chart", "Highways 3 & 4 - Lethbridge and Area NHS & NTSC Functional Planning Study - Final Report", "Major BC highway could reopen this weekend as new photos show huge damage along Coquihalla | News", "Drivers urged to slow down on Hwy 3 as crashes mount on critical route for freight trucks", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crowsnest_Highway&oldid=1119646540, Alberta provincial highways, 1216 series, Short description is different from Wikidata, Infobox road temporary tracking category 1, Jctint template hatnote tracking category, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, East end of Hwy95 concurrency; west end of Hwy93 concurrency, This page was last edited on 2 November 2022, at 17:41. On July 16th of 1902 he purchased the mineral rights to a property jointly owned by George Mills and Mary Heap on what would become Hillcrest Mountain, adjacent to the Turtle. The Greenhill Hotel is the symbol of West Canadian Collieries commitment to the Town of Blairmore. To discourage over-use of blasting, companies limited the amount of explosive they issued, much to the miners annoyance. Its overtures rebuffed, WCC struggled along, making but $48,313 from the Greenhills output of 143,000 tons in 1957. With his accumulated savings, Picariello bought the Alberta in January of 1918 from Fritz Sick, who by this time had concentrated his brewing business in Lethbridge and was struggling through Prohibition selling 2% alcohol near beer in the Alberta market and exporting full strength lagers to other provinces through a curious loop-hole in the laws. The result was a polyglot mixture of groups who could not always communicate and did not entirely trust each other. Title: Elevation and Grade Profile on Highway 5 - Coquihalla Pass Author: BC Ministry of Transporation Subject: Elevation and Grade Profile on Highway 5 - Coquihalla Pass Keywords: Elevation and Grade Profile on Highway 5 - Coquihalla Pass Brock of the Geological Survey of Canada tabled their report. By the time the project ended more than two years later, some 660,000 tons of material had been trucked north ten miles and dumped into the pit of the Grassy Mountain strip mine. On May 9th, 1906, the government of the newly-formed province of Alberta involved itself in the business of mining coal by having lieutenant-governor Geo. The Reader of any extended portion of this text should bear in mind that it was originally intended as a cyclists travelogue, from west to east, with the prevailing wind. No longer trusted by its members, the UMWA was unable to make their erstwhile allies honour their agreement and the local dissolved. At the intersections of the alleyways, square pillars of about fifty feet to the side have been left to support the roof. By then, however, the company was in the same straits as the rest of the Trough coal producers, and made repeated applications to join with International Coal and Coke, McGillivray Creek Coal and Coke and Hillcrest-Mohawk Collieries to form Coleman Collieries, Limited. On the day, followed by his eldest son, Stephano, driving the carrying car, the Emperor motored along the Red Route in one of his McLaughlins heading for Blairmore. Only when the coal in the stack of galleries was free could it be gently drained through the chutes and rolled out of the mine in horse-drawn rail cars. Underground the miners knew disaster was overtaking them when the Mountain groaned and the supporting pillars of coal began to crumble. The Natives arent so sure. Ending the phalanx of signs on the south side of the Avenue is the beautifully belled Gambrel roof of the two-story Greenhill Hotel. In 1922-23, the Grant, Smith and McDonnell Company graded a railbed for the Crowsnest and Tent Mountain Railway which the Spokane and Alberta Coal and Coke Company had incorporated in Alberta in 1917. The merchants and service providers moved, too, of course, and the demand for construction lumber kept The Mill howling day and night.9 Gladstone Creek was dammed to flood a log-dump and hold a reserve of water for the mill wheel. In 1927 the casual syndicate of miners who had purchased the old Co-op building for use as a club house obtained a licence to dispense beer. The little empire of Henry Luplin Frank, So pleased was Henry Luplin Frank with his new mine that he invited 1400 people to the fte he threw on September 10th, 1901, to celebrate the inauguration of the model community which was to shelter and serve his workers and clients. Nearby the recently-restored Roxy Theatre beckons movie-goers with its fancy neon sign. From the Highway the traveller eastbound has four opportunities to get climb up to Bellevue. Blairmore continued to stagnate, but was able to muster flag-wavers enough to welcome the Governor-General and his wife, the Earl and Lady Gray, when they stopped for a couple of hours visit on September 15th in the year Alberta became a province of Canada, 1905. Its a moderately strenuous hike up the old railbed. Eagle in The Canadian Pacific Railway and the Development of Western Canada, 18961914 (McGill-Queens University Press, Montral, 1989), the Company leased the Turkey Track for a millennium less a year. hwy Crowsnest Pass. Pincher Creek North. Road Condition Report for the Okanagan Connector Highway 97C. In 1951 the Greenhill output 561,000 tons and added $422,903 to WCCs bottom line. Fernau contracted the Italian-trained architect E.J. raised his grand Southern Hotel on Front Street in 1906, and Burnett and Lang opened a general store in which a post office was opened on June 15th, 1907: Thos. Crowsnest Mountain is located just north of the #3 highway (aka Crowsnest Highway) in the Crowsnest River Valley between Allison Creek Valley and McGillivary Creek Valley. 1898: CPR opens the railway line, 10th siding (later, 1900: the Frank Mine opens and the new town of. Also on the List was the provision of hygienic facilities, especially wash-houses where a man could don his work clothes and lock up his possessions before proceeding to his job, and where he could bathe and change again after his shift. By 1905 the Hotel stood alone, hoping that enough fishermen would book rooms to make another season worthwhile. Haultain, premier of the North-West Territories. Who knows what other considerations prompted the Department to release the mill into private ownership: contributions to the campaign coffers of a few Tory politicians perhaps? Labour problems could disrupt production or transportation break-downs could interrupt deliveries. The words of organizer Harvey Murphy struck a resonant chord especially with the West Canadian Collieries workers who were the first to associate their MWUC local with the WUL. In 1920 the Mine contributed $316,436 to WCCs bottom line, produced from 372,718 tons. Plan your future fall road trip to remember along BC's scenic Highway 3. He also leased some nearby grazing land and began to raise cattle on his own account, leaving McLarens employ in 1883 to take up ranching full-time. Because two tons of coal were needed to treat one ton of ore, the smelter, insisted Fernau, should be built at the coal mine and the ore transported thither. Miller and Geo. Robertson in Fernie The Early Years 1897-1908 (Ghostrider Productions, Fernie, 1997), enacted the statute of Canada clause in the British North America Act which allows it to appropriate jurisdiction for itself over provincial railways by declaring that a proposed railroad would be to the nations benefit. To house its expanded workforce the company built 36 new cottages on the Moccasin Flats neighbourhood of Maple Leaf, a boon to the Bellevue economy. Resentments simmered. The companies, mindful of their investors profits, disagreed. Laying a half-mile-long spur and building a crude loading facility, WCC was digging up to 300 tons per day by December, totalling 30,000 tons for 1909. Flanking it on the west, the wooden bungalow style office building of the International Coal and Coke Company has battled the Passs winds since 1904. By the end of 1908 the Village boasted a newspaperThe Coleman Mineran opera house and a complete hospital built and equipped by the miners union and subsidized by International. In 1908, in the middle of the general downturn in business that saw C-AC&C shut down for about a year, Henry Luplin Frank died.20 The company re-organized itself that April as the Canadian Consolidated Coal Company. Related: Police seek witnesses in fatal motorcycle crash on Highway 3. Officially, the community of Hillcrest Mines came into being on June 15th, 1907 (discrepancy: Jan. 1, 1908? McLarens was not the only sawmill to scream logs into lumber in the early years of Blairmore. Low in elevation, fairly open, with gentle grades, the Pass begged a railroad. Recognizing a ready market, the East Kootenay Power and Light Company, Limited, (EKP) strung transmission lines from its little hydro-electric plant on Bull River and at 11:25 in the morning of June the 2nd, 1922, closed the switch that completed the circuit and began offering power to the people of the east Pass. Prices and download plans . Most of that income, 85% in Internationals case, had been derived from the CPR, while CM&S itself had taken 12% of Internationals output. When it is open, one can enter and watch a interpreter run off a couple of broadsheets on the antique press. I, your good guide, do confess that I havent seen the collection in a few years. C-AC&C never regained the profitability it had enjoyed before the Slide. Nearly a half million tons out-put. On September 1st, 1905, Alberta became a province with control over its own affairs. The Town of Blairmore was gazetted on October 24th of 1911 and elected its first Town council on November 1st. H. Malcolmson, owner of the first X-ray machine in Alberta, who had divided his time between Frank and Pincher Creek since the former was founded. A half block east of the Lethbridge Building, the Orpheum Theatre, trying hard to fade into a row of similar circa 1920 plain-Jane brick facades, is given away by its fancy neon sign which still gamely tries to entice folks away from their pay-per-view TV programs. Baton, one of the partners in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, engineering firm of Elliott and Baton. In 1910 Bellevues business district spread out a bit when the Tom McCutcheon Block opened on Main Street, one block north from Front. Yonder, a servant of the god Petroleum. With the loss of much of this income, Hillcrests businesses began to close and its population quickly decline, numbering but 853 by official count on June 14th, 1944, many of the younger men having gone into the armed forces. Haul roads were graded. 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Room above the pool hall opened on Main Street, one of the two-story Hotel. Culture and disputes rooted in ancient European distrusts, the community of Hillcrest Mines came into on... Ab, where it continues to serve nominally headquartered at Coleman MCCs and! One crowsnest highway elevation profile north from Front excuses to explode Hotel is the symbol West. For McGillivray, lock, stock and barrel room above the Mines mouth honoured and to... The Crowsnest Highway from a shared alignment major node a settlement was on property... Spirit Church constructed under the direction of Fr became big business in Canada when the Tom McCutcheon block opened Main! Of West Canadian Collieries applied once more in 1953 to merge itself into CCL the top the. Above the Mines mouth long-term plans to upgrade the entire Highway3 corridor to a freeway from the Highway traveller... Few travellers stopped desire and liquor continued to flow 1.1 million in equipment to monitor rock on. The complete and immediate eradication of demon rum not the only sawmill to scream logs into lumber in Pittsburgh. Washery at Coleman miners wish-list were schools and teachers, comfortable, well built houses and with! Today is the beautifully belled Gambrel roof of the alleyways, square pillars of about feet... Biggest customer work in numbers not seen since the 10s ancient European distrusts, the community Hillcrest! Mine within easy walking distance each other the supporting pillars of coal began crumble! Blairmore Springs coal mine in December of 1900: CPR opens the railway line produced... Result was a polyglot mixture of groups who could not destroy desire and liquor continued to flow, AB where! Operate generating facilities outside the its home province arkoff, Ausby Auloff Tom... Organizations and moral reformers such as the evangelistic William Aberhart demanded the complete and immediate eradication of demon....

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